Bahaya Membentak Anak bagi Perkembangan Psikologisnya

Bahaya Membentak Anak bagi Perkembangan Psikologisnya
Ilustrasi membentak anak. Credit: Freepik

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Dalam berinteraksi dengan anak sehari-hari, terkadang tanpa sadar orang tua membentak anak untuk menegur atau mengingatkannya. Mungkin banyak orang tua menganggap cara tersebut efektif untuk memperbaiki sikap anak. Namun para ahli mengingatkan bahwa kebiasaan membentak anak memiliki sejumlah konsekuensi negatif pada perkembangan anak.

 

Bahaya Membentak Anak

Setiap orang tua tentu menginginkan yang terbaik bagi anak-anaknya. Terkadang orang tua merasa kewalahan dalam mendisiplinkan anak sehingga mengingatkan anak dengan cara membentak. Padahal, cara ini dapat berdampak negatif pada perkembangan anak dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.

Membentak, apa pun konteksnya merupakan salah satu bentuk ekspresi kemarahan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berteriak pada anak dan mendisiplinkan mereka dengan kata-kata kasar memiliki efek negatif yang sama seperti hukuman fisik.

Anak-anak yang sering dibentak dapat tumbuh menjadi anak yang memiliki masalah perilaku seperti stres, kecemasan, merasa ketakutan dan tidak aman, serta depresi, sama seperti anak-anak yang sering dipukul. Dampaknya akan lebih berbahaya jika saat membentak diikuti dengan menyalahkan, mempermalukan anak, atau melontarkan kata-kata yang menyakitkan dan kasar. 

Dampak jangka pendek

Dalam jangka pendek, kebiasaan membentak anak dapat berdampak sebagai berikut:

  • Menumbuhkan perilaku agresif seperti mudah marah, memukul, suka berteriak
  • Gejala kecemasan, seperti memiliki kekhawatiran atau ketakutan berlebihan
  • Masalah perilaku, misalnya anak laki-laki lebih mudah kehilangan kendali diri dan anak perempuan cenderung bereaksi dengan marah
  • Menjauh dari orang tua 

Baca Juga: Jenis Terapi untuk Gangguan Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak

Dampak jangka panjang

  • Masalah perilaku yang memburuk

Dalam jangka panjang, kebiasaan membentak anak juga dapat menyebabkan perilaku agresiif pada anak semakin buruk. Semakin sering orang tua berteriak atau membentak, perilaku anak akan semakin buruk. Pada akhirnya suasana di rumah akan semakin panas dan menciptakan siklus agresivitas yang berkelanjutan.

  • Depresi

Anak yang terlalu sering dibentak dapat menyebabkan rasa takut, sakit hati, dan sedih. Pada jangka panjang, hal ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan psikologis anak seperti depresi atau gangguan kecemasan. Jika gejala gangguan mental ini diabaikan, anak rentan mengalami perilaku yang merusak diri sendiri seperti penyalahgunaan narkoba, aktivitas seksual yang berisiko, atau upaya bunuh diri.

  • Masalah emosional

Membentak anak berisiko menyebabkan anak mengalami gangguan emosional seperti:

    • Memiliki harga diri yang rendah
    • Tidak percaya diri
    • Lebih tertutup pada orang lain
  • Nyeri kronis

Pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk seperti sering dibentak juga sering dikaitkan dengan risiko nyeri kronis saat dewasa seperti radang sendi, sakit kepala, masalah punggung dan leher, serta nyeri kronis lainnya. 

Baca Juga: Gangguan Tumbuh Kembang Anak, Kenali Gejala dan Penanganannya

 

Cara Mencegah Kebiasaan Membentak Anak

Saat Anda membentak anak mungkin tidak menyadari dampaknya untuk jangka panjang. Meredam emosi dapat membantu mencegah anak berperilaku agresif di masa depan. Beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk menahan emosi saat berhadapan dengan anak antara lain:

  • Kenali tanda-tanda fisik Anda ingin marah. Tanda ingin marah dapat berupa dada sesak, perut tidak nyaman, detak jantung meningkat, pola pernapasan berubah, dan kulit terasa lebih hangat. Jika Anda sudah mulai merasakan gejala ini, segera coba tenangkan diri Anda.
  • Tarik napas dalam. Menarik napas dalam dapat memebantu meningkatkan oksigen dan melepaskan karbon dioksida dengan cepat. Cara ini dapat menenangkan sistem saraf Anda dengan segera dan membuat Anda lebih rileks.
  • Hindari bicara dengan anak saat marah. Sebaiknya tenangkan diri Anda ke kamar baru kemudian bicara dengan anak.
  • Bicara sejajar dengan anak. Saat bicara dengan anak, posisikan agar Anda dan anak duduk bersama sehingga mudah melakukan tatap mata. Cara ini membuat Anda dan anak merasa dekat dan lebih mendapat perhatian sehingga anak-anak lebih mau mendengarkan. 

 

Membentak anak dapat berdampak pada perkembangan emosi dan kepribadian anak dalam jangka panjang. Jika Anda merasa ingin marah, sebaiknya redakan emosi terlebih dahulu baru bicara dengan anak. Apabiila memiliki pertanyaan seputar pengasuhan anak, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke psikolog atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 31 Oktober 2024 | 15:30

Radhakrishnan, R. (2021).  Can Yelling at a Child Be Harmful?. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/can_yelling_at_a_child_be_harmful/article.htm

Cleveland Clinic. (2022). How To Stop Yelling at Your Kids & Get Them To Listen Without Bribing. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/6-steps-to-get-kids-to-listen-no-yelling-or-bribing-involved/

Robinson, K. (2024). How to Prevent Yourself From Yelling at Your Kid. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/parenting/features/stop-yelling-at-your-kids

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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