Penyakit Hirschsprung

Penyakit Hirschsprung

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Definisi

Penyakit Hirschsprung adalah kelainan bawaan pada bayi baru lahir yang menyebabkan feses atau tinja terjebak di dalam usus besar. Kondisi ini disebut juga megacolon aganglionik kongenital. Penyakit bawaan lahir yang tergolong langka ini bisa mengakibatkan bayi tidak buang air besar (BAB) sejak dilahirkan. Penyakit Hirschsprung terjadi karena adanya kelainan saraf yang mengontrol pergerakan usus besar. Sel saraf di usus besar bayi yang bernama sel ganglion tidak berkembang dengan baik saat bayi masih berada dalam kandungan. Hal ini menyebabkan usus besar tidak dapat mendorong feses keluar, sehingga menumpuk di usus besar dan bayi tidak bisa BAB. Walaupun umumnya sudah dapat diketahui sejak bayi baru lahir, gejala penyakit Hirschsprung juga bisa baru muncul setelah anak sudah lebih besar, bila kelainannya ringan. Pada bayi baru lahir, kelainan ini biasanya terlihat dalam kurun waktu dua bulan pertama setelah kelahiran.

Penyakit Hirschsprung merupakan kondisi yang jarang terjadi. Diperkirakan ada 1 dari 5000 bayi baru lahir yang mengalami penyakit ini. Penyakit Hirschsprung dapat ditangani dengan mengurangi faktor-faktor risiko.

 

Penyebab

Normalnya, selama bayi berkembang di dalam kandungan, sel-sel saraf mulai terbentuk. Sel saraf ini termasuk pada sistem pencernaan yang terbentuk mulai dari kerongkongan (esofagus), mengarah ke perut, hingga berakhir di anus. Seorang bayi umumnya memiliki sekitar 500 juta jenis sel saraf yang terbentuk dari kerongkongan hingga ke anus. Banyaknya sel saraf tersebut menjalankan banyak fungsi, salah satunya yakni memindahkan atau mengalirkan makanan dari satu bagian sistem pencernaan ke bagian lainnya.

Namun, proses pembentukkan sel-sel saraf tersebut berbeda pada bayi yang menderita penyakit hirschsprung. Pertumbuhan sel-sel saraf bayi pada penyakit hirschsprung berhenti di bagian ujung usus besar atau tepat sebelum rektum dan anus. Inilah mengapa bayi baru lahir yang memiliki penyakit Hirschsprung biasanya tidak dapat buang air besar (BAB) setelah kelahiran. Pada beberapa bayi lainnya, sel-sel saraf juga bisa hilang atau berhenti tumbuh di bagian sistem pencernaan mana pun.

Terhentinya pertumbuhan sel-sel saraf tersebut membuat feses yang seharusnya keluar malah berhenti di bagian tertentu. Hal ini membuat feses macet dan susah keluar sehingga menumpuk di dalam sistem pencernaan. Akibatnya, bagian usus bayi tersumbat sehingga membuat perut tampak membesar dan kembung. Penyebab sel-sel aganglion (tidak terbentuk sel saraf) pada bayi dengan penyakit Hirschsprung belum diketahui secara pasti.

Namun, penyebab hirschsprung diduga karena ada :

  • Faktor genetik yang diturunkan dari orang tua ke anak
  • Riwayat keluarga dengan penyakit hirschsprung. Jika ada salah satu anak yang memiliki penyakit hirschsprung, saudara kandungnya memiliki kemungkinan sekitar 3 – 12% untuk mengalami kondisi yang sama

 

Faktor Risiko

Ada beberapa kondisi yang diduga dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit tersebut, diantaranya :

  • Jenis kelamin. Penyakit Hirschsprung lebih rentan pada laki-laki
  • Memiliki saudara yang menderita penyakit Hirschsprung. Jika anak memiliki penyakit Hirschsprung, kemungkinan saudara kandungnya memiliki kelainan tersebut meningkat
  • Orang tua. Jika ibu pernah menderita penyakit Hirschsprung, maka kemungkinan anak menderita penyakit ini semakin besar
  • Menderita penyakit bawaaan. Penyakit yang diturunkan, seperti sindrom down dan penyakit jantung bawaan juga memiliki risiko menderita penyakit Hirschsprung

 

Gejala

Tanda-tanda dan gejala dari penyakit Hirschsprung bervariasi pada tingkat keparahan kondisi. Biasanya gejala muncul setelah bayi lahir, tetapi kadang tidak terlihat hingga kemudian hari. Umumnya, tanda yang paling jelas dari penyakit Hirschsprung adalah bayi tidak bisa buang air besar (BAB) dalam kurun waktu 48 jam setelah dilahirkan. Padahal normalnya, bayi akan mengeluarkan mekonium atau feses pertama saat baru lahir. Selain itu, gejala Hirschsprung lainnya yang dialami pada bayi baru lahir adalah:

  • Perut tampak membesar dan kembung
  • Muntah berwarna hijau atau cokelat
  • Sembelit atau susah buang air besar
  • Rewel atau bayi tampak gelisah
  • Demam
  • Kesulitan dalam buang air kecil
  • Gagal untuk mengeluarkan mekonium/feses setelah kelahiran
  • Frekuensi buang air besar tidak sering
  • Bayi tampak kuning
  • Susah menyusu 
  • Berat badan bayi sulit bertambah

Bayi dengan penyakit hirschsprung juga bisa mengalami diare dan enterokolitis atau adanya infeksi pada usus yang dapat mengancam jiwa. Beberapa anak mungkin baru menunjukkan gejala Hirschsprung ketika sudah bertambah besar. Tanda-tandanya meliputi:

  • Perut membesar dan kembung
  • Sembelit yang semakin memburuk
  • Pertumbuhan tertunda atau gagal tumbuh pada anak
  • kelelahan
  • Impaksi tinja (tinja tetap berada didalam rektum/ujung usus besar) 
  • Malnutrisi (ketidakseimbangan nutrisi) 
  • Berat badan susah naik

 

Diagnosis

Untuk menegakkan diagnosis penyakit Hirschsprung diperlukan:

  • Wawancara mendalam (anamnesis) mengenai gejala yang dialami
  • Pemeriksaan fisik termasuk pemeriksaan colok dubur
  • Pemeriksaan penunjang yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis hirschsprung seperti foto rontgen untuk melihat kondisi usus besar lebih jelas
    • Mengambil sampel jaringan dari usus besar (biopsi). Sampel akan diperiksa di bawah mikroskop untuk mengidentifikasi penyakit hirschsprung
    • Abdominal x-ray dengan pewarna kontras. Barium atau pewarna kontras lainnya dimasukkan ke dalam usus melalui tabung khusus yang dimasukkan ke dalam rektum. X-ray akan menunjukkan kontras yang jelas antara bagian usus tanpa saraf dan bagian normal.
    • Anal manometry untuk mengukur kontrol otot di sekitar rektum (bagian ujung usus besar). Tes manometri biasanya dilakukan pada anak-anak yang sudah besar dan orang dewasa. Dokter akan mengembangkan balon di dalam rektum, hasilnya otot di sekitar harus rileks. Jika tidak, penyakit hirschsprung bisa menjadi penyebabnya. 

 

Tata laksana

Penyakit Hirschsprung adalah kondisi serius yang perlu segera diobati dengan operasi. Pasien yang kondisinya stabil biasanya hanya memerlukan satu kali operasi yaitu operasi penarikan usus. Jika kondisi pasien tidak stabil atau pasien merupakan bayi prematur, berat badan yang rendah atau sedang sakit, biasanya perlu menjalani operasi ostomi untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya komplikasi.

  • Prosedur penarikan usus (pull - through surgery) dapat dilakukan jika kondisi pasien stabil. Pada prosedur ini, dokter akan membuang bagian dalam dari usus besar yang tidak bersaraf, kemudian menarik dan menyambungkan usus yang sehat langsung ke dubur atau anus.
  • Prosedur ostomi yang biasa dilakukan pada pasien yang tidak stabil, misalnya pada bayi prematur, bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah, atau anak/bayi sakit. Prosedur ini memiliki 2 tahapan. Tahap pertama adalah pemotongan bagian usus pasien yang bermasalah. Sedangkan pada tahap kedua akan dilakukan penutupan lubang diperut dan menyambungkan usus yang sehat ke dubur atau anus.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi yang dapat muncul pada penyakit Hirschsprung yaitu infeksi pada usus (enterokolitis) yang mengancam nyawa. Selain dari penyakitnya, komplikasi dapat muncul dari tindakan operasi untuk mengobati penyakit ini. Komplikasi akibat tindakan operasi meliputi :

  • Munculnya lubang kecil atau robekan pada usus
  • Inkontinensia tinja (tidak mampu mengendalikan BAB)
  • Kekurangan gizi
  • Dehidrasi
  • Megakolon (usus besar mengalami pembesaran/pelebaran yang tidak normal) 

 

Pencegahan

Belum ada tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit Hirschsprung. Namun, pencegahan dapat difokuskan pada faktor risiko dan penyebab yang diduga akibat faktor keturunan. Pada ibu hamil disarankan untuk rutin melakukan kontrol kehamilan. Jika terdapat kelainan bawaan, dokter kandungan mungkin dapat mendiagnosisnya lebih awal. Diagnosis dini penyakit Hirschsprung dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi lanjutan yang dapat mengancam jiwa. 

 

Kapan harus ke dokter?

Jika anak Anda memiliki gejala seperti yang sudah disebutkan diatas disarankan untuk segera ke dokter atau fasilitas kesehatan terdekat. Pengobatan dini pada penyakit Hirschsprung dapat memperbaiki kondisi usus anak dan mencegah komplikasi.

 

Writer : dr Vega Audina
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 28 Mei 2024 | 04:06

National Health Service United Kingdom (2019). Health A-Z. Hirschsprung’s Disease. 
Kaneshiro, N. National Institute of Health (2017). MedlinePlus. Hirschsprung disease. 
Mayo Clinic (2018). Diseases and Conditions. Hirschsprung’s Disease. 

National Organization for Rare Disorders (2017). Rare Disease Database. Hirschsprung Disease. 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new126msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-07 05:13:27' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-07 05:13:27
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new10.18msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 498 where `id` = 2384
      Bindings
      • 0: 498
      • 1: 2384
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.07msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2384, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-07 05:13:27', '2025-04-07 05:13:27')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2384
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-07 05:13:27
      • 8: 2025-04-07 05:13:27
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.12msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 29 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 29
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 365 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 365
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3824 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3824
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9930 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9930
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7868 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7868
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7291 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7291
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6592 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6592
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 635 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 635
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.05msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3045 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3045
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2078 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2078
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2101 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2101
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3304 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3304
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2448 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2448
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new890μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new620μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    35Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/penyakit-hirschsprung" ]
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        200
        
        status_text
        OK
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        html
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        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "WnL3IMzmdCAfCS87lM2pfbvA2wvlQmKaLX6tf6WJ" "laravel_session" => "fLijEoMPPLF61oWSuuK24E6MI2sgJ7RZ0QWrDYn5" ]
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