Megalokornea

Megalokornea

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Definisi

Megalokornea, atau yang sering disebut megalophtalmos/makrokornea, merupakan kelainan kongenital pada kedua mata yang ditandai dengan peningkatan diameter kornea (selaput bening mata) lebih dari 12.5 –13mm pada saat lahir dengan bilik mata depan (BMD) yang dalam dan tekanan intraokular (dalam mata) yang normal. Kondisi ini merupakan kelainan yang jarang terjadi dan diturunkan secara X-linked (kromosom X). Laki-laki lebih sering mengalami megalokornea (90%) dibandingkan perempuan. Insidensi megalokornea sejauh ini tidak diketahui, namun beberapa studi mengemukakan bahwa kondisi ini jarang terjadi. Megalokornea dapat ditemukan pada bayi baru lahir. Orang dewasa dengan megalokornea dapat mengalami katarak prematur pada usia 30–50 tahun, glaukoma, subluksasi lensa (lensa berpindah posisi), dan mosaic corneal dystrophy (kelainan bawaan pada kornea). 

Terdapat dua bentuk dari megalokornea, antara lain:

  1. Megalokornea primer, kelainan megalokornea tanpa kelainan sistemik lainnya.
  2. Megalokornea sekunder, dengan kelainan sistemik (sindrom lainnya).

 

Penyebab

Penyebab dari megalokornea adalah mutasi pada Chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1) pada kromosom Xq23, sehingga diturunkan secara x-linked recessive. Beberapa laporan menyebutkan kondisi ini juga dapat diturunkan secara autosomal dominan dan autosomal resesif. Mutasi pada CHRDL1 menyebabkan gangguan dalam pembentukan lapisan kornea dan endotelnya. Mutasi lain yang dianggap berkontribusi pada kondisi megalokornea adalah mutasi pada Xq21.3-q22.

Proses yang menyebabkan megalokornea masih belum diketahui, namun hipotesis yang saat ini dianut adalah gangguan pada proses penggabungan lapisan calon kornea sehingga menyebabkan hasil kornea yang lebih lebar dibandingkan dengan kornea normal. Teori ini dibuktikan dengan letak iris dan lensa yang lebih di belakang dibandingkan dengan populasi normal. Selain itu, teori yang diperkirakan menyebabkan megalokornea adalah adanya pembentukan kolagen yang tidak normal dan terjadinya glaukoma kongenital.

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko dari megalokornea yang diketahui hanya riwayat keluarga dengan megalokornea.

Gejala

Temuan yang dapat ditemukan oleh orang tua, antara lain adalah:

  • Bagian mata anak terlihat besar dibandingkan seusianya.
  • Mata terlihat jernih.
  • Perkembangan anak normal.
  • Tidak memiliki keluhan seperti mata merah atau berair.
  • Ibu memiliki kornea yang lebih besar.
  • Jika mengalami komplikasi dari megalokornea seperti katarak dan ablasio retina (robeknya retina), gejala akan mirip dengan komplikasi tersebut, seperti pandangan kabur, melihat titik-titik melayang, dan kilatan cahaya.

Megalokornea umumnya merupakan kelainan kongenital yang tidak berhubungan dengan kelainan lain, baik itu di dalam mata (okular) maupun sistemik (bagian tubuh lainnya). Terdapat beberapa kelainan lain yang memiliki megalokornea, antara lain adalah Frank-Ter Haar Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, Neuhauser Syndrome, dan Down Syndrome di mana anak mengalami masalah perkembangan. Masalah perkembangan dapat diamati orang tua dengan melakukan pemeriksaan KPSP (Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan) rutin.

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan mendiagnosis megalokornea melalui pemeriksaan klinis. Umumnya pasien dengan megalokornea tidak mengeluhkan gangguan pandangan apapun. Dokter akan menanyakan mengenai keluhan mata anak, riwayat keluarga dengan megalokornea, dan tanda-tanda lain untuk menyingkirkan sindrom-sindrom yang berkaitan dengan megalokornea. Selanjutnya, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dengan mengukur ukuran bola mata (pada megalokornea, kornea berukuran sekitar 14–16 mm), pengukuran tekanan intraokular (dalam mata), dan melihat iris serta bilik mata depan dengan slit lamp. Dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan lain untuk menyingkirkan diagnosis buftalmos (mata besar), hipertensi okular, perubahan diskus optik, dan melihat adanya Haab's striae pada kornea. Pemeriksaan tambahan lainnya yang dapat dilakukan adalah:

  • Gonioskopi, pemeriksaan untuk melihat struktur mata khususnya sudut mata.
  • A-scan ultrasound biometry, untuk melihat adanya buftalmos yang mengindikasikan glaukoma.
  • Specular microscopy, untuk menilai lapisan kornea pada orang normal dan pada orang yang mengalami kelainan pada kornea.  

Diagnosis banding dari megalokornea pada anak adalah glaukoma kongenital. Pada pemeriksaan, mata anak dengan megalokornea memiliki bentuk yang mirip dengan glaukoma, kecuali tekanan bola mata yang normal. Penyakit lain yang mungkin menjadi diagnosis banding dari megalokornea adalah keratoglobus (kornea bulat seperti bola) dan buftalmos (kondisi bola mata yang berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan normal).

Sindrom yang berkaitan dengan megalokornea adalah:

  • Sindrom Neuhaüser, yaitu sindrom megalocornea-mental retardation (MMR) di mana anak mengalami megalokornea disertai dengan disabilitas intelektual, kejang, dan kelemahan otot lengan dan tungkai. Pasien dengan sindrom ini memiliki wajah yang khas.
  • Sindrom Frank-Ter Haar merupakan sindrom yang menyebabkan kelainan pada mata, jantung, dan tulang. Kondisi ini diturunkan secara genetik.
  • Sindrom Marfan, penyakit gangguan jaringan ikat yang disebabkan oleh mutasi pada fibrillin. Fibrilin berfungsi untuk mengontrol jaringan ikat di tubuh dan mengontrol pertumbuhan. Kondisi ini memiliki fitur tubuh yang khas dan dapat memiliki megalokornea.
  • Albinisme atau sering disebut albino merupakan kelainan di mana kulit tidak memiliki pigmen kulit (melanin).
  • Sindrom Ritscher-Schinzel, yang melibatkan kelainan pada mata, jantung, dan bentuk wajah (kraniofasial). Megalokornea merupakan kelainan pada mata yang paling sering terjadi pada anak dengan sindrom ini.
  • Sindrom Wolfram-like, sindrom yang diturunkan secara autosomal dominan yang melibatkan atrofi mata, diabetes melitus, dan kehilangan pendengaran.
  • Osteogenesis imperfekta, disebabkan oleh gangguan pada jaringan ikat kolagen sehingga menyebabkan tulang rapuh dan sklera (bagian putih pada bola mata) menjadi berwarna biru. Salah satu tanda dari penyakit ini adalah megalokornea.

 

Tata Laksana

Karena dasar dari penyakit ini merupakan kondisi kelainan anatomi, tidak ada pengobatan khusus untuk megalokornea. Pengobatan dari megalokornea berfokus pada koreksi masalah gangguan penglihatan. Pasien dengan megalokornea umumnya mengalami miopia (rabun jauh) atau astigmatisme (mata silinder) yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi penglihatan. Hal ini dapat dikoreksi dengan menggunakan kacamata. Deteksi dan evaluasi terhadap kondisi tidak normal pada mata lainnya seperti katarak, gluakoma, dan ablasio retina perlu dilakukan lebih sering pada pasien dengan megalokornea. Operasi katarak pada pasien dengan megalokornea lebih sulit dilakukan karena kornea yang lebih lebar. Lensa yang digunakan pada pasien dengan megalokornea berbeda dengan lensa biasa.Kolaborasi penanganan kasus dengan spesialis anak diperlukan untuk menyingkirkan adanya sindrom lain.

 

Edukasi

Pada anak dengan megalokornea, pemeriksaan kelainan genetik lain perlu dilakukan pada anak atau orang tua. Pemeriksaan genetik dapat bermanfaat pada kondisi ini untuk menunjang diagnosis, karena seluruh penyebab dari megalokornea tergolong jarang terjadi. Kondisi megalokornea dapat mengganggu penglihatan di masa yang akan datang. Komplikasi gangguan penglihatan akibat megalokornea dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan kacamata, pengobatan, dan operasi. Hal tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang cukup baik terhadap perkembangan penyakit. 

 

Komplikasi

Megalokornea umumnya tidak menimbulkan gejala apapun pada anak (asimtomatik) sehingga tajam penglihatan dapat tetap normal. Perkembangan penyakit ditemukan lebih baik pada anak dengan megalokornea tanpa adanya sindrom lain (megalokornea sekunder). Namun, penurunan penglihatan dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan refraksi, yaitu astigmatisme seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Komplikasi lain adalah timbulnya katarak presenile yang prosedur tata laksananya sulit dilakukan karena adanya kelainan anatomi mata. Selain itu glaukoma, subluksasi lensa (perubahan letak lensa) dan mosaic corneal dystrophy dapat terjadi pada megalokornea.

 

Pencegahan

Saat ini belum ada pencegahan khusus untuk mencegah terjadinya megalokornea. Namun, Anda dapat memeriksakan kondisi mata anak sejak dalam kandungan. Orang tua diharapkan untuk melihat kondisi kesehatan mata anak dengan megalokornea secara lebih teliti untuk mendeteksi glaukoma dan katarak secara dini.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda mengamati bahwa bagian hitam mata anak Anda lebih besar dibandingkan anak-anak seusianya dan terjadi pada kedua mata, segera periksakan kondisi ini ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Tannia Sembiring S Ked
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 12:13

*Weissbart SB. (2021). Megalocornea. EyeWiki. Available from: https://eyewiki.aao.org/Megalocornea

Ventocilla M. (2020). Megalocornea. Medscape. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1196299-overview

*Moshirfar M, Hastings J, Ronquillo Y. Megalocornea. [Updated 2021 Jul 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554374/

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Megalocornea. https://www.aao.org/image/megalocornea-5 Accessed July 05, 2019.

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      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new138msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 06:26:22' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 06:26:22
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new6.79msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 610 where `id` = 1798
      Bindings
      • 0: 610
      • 1: 1798
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.5msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1798, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 06:26:23', '2025-04-06 06:26:23')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1798
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 06:26:23
      • 8: 2025-04-06 06:26:23
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 26 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 720 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 720
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new770μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8814 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8814
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5447 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5447
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5933 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5933
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5500 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5500
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3731 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10123 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10123
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3045 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3045
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2078 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2078
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2101 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2101
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3304 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3304
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2384 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2384
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new790μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new790μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    36Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        83DLqtQAdCxc6XAEQXkZvvhEa8ciPAEAQNHbvlsQ
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/megalokornea" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/megalokornea
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:19 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.45.224" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.144.45.224" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
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