Kolestasis

Kolestasis

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Definisi

Kolestasis merupakan penyakit hati. Penyakit ini didefinisikan sebagai kondisi berkurangnya aliran empedu dari hati yang disebabkan oleh adanya perlambatan atau blokade pada aliran saluran empedu.

Getah empedu merupakan suatu cairan pigmen yang diproduksi oleh sel-sel hati (hepatosit) untuk membantu proses pencernaan makanan, terutama lemak. Getah empedu akan dikeluarkan dari hati menuju ke penampungan di kandung empedu. Kemudian getah empedu yang berada di dalam kandung empedu akan dikeluarkan menuju usus halus melalui saluran empedu. Pada kolestasis, terjadi gangguan berupa gangguan sekresi empedu oleh sel-sel hati atau sumbatan pada aliran empedu melalui saluran empedu intrahepatik atau ekstrahepatik.

Secara klinis, kolestasis akan menyebabkan terjadinya retensi atau penahanan konstituen empedu di dalam darah. Terdapat dua jenis konstituen yang paling banyak pada empedu, yaitu bilirubin dan asam empedu. secara biokimia, kolestasis ditanda dengan meningkatnya serum alkaline fosfatase. Hal ini kemudian akan menyebabkan terjadinya beberapa gejala yang paling dominan, yaitu pruritus atau gatal dan gangguan penyerapan lemak serta vitamin larut lemak dalam tubuh.

 

Penyebab

Penyebab yang berasal dari luar hati atau ekstrahepatik, yaitu:

  • Tumor pada saluran empedu
  • Kista
  • Penyempitan atau striktur saluran empedu
  • Batu saluran empedu
  • Pankreatitis
  • Tumor pankreas atau pseudokista
  • Tekanan pada saluran empedu yang dikarenakan massa atau tumor di sekitar saluran empedu
  • Kolangitis sklerosis primer (penyakit saluran empedu)

Penyebab yang berasal dari dalam hati atau intrahepatik, yaitu:

  • Penyakit hati alkoholik
  • Amiloidosis
  • Abses bakteri dalam hati
  • Limfoma
  • Kehamilan
  • Sirosis bilier primer 
  • Kanker hati primer atau kanker metastatis dari tempat lain
  • Kolangitis sklerosis primer
  • Sarkoidosis (penyakit peradangan)
  • Sepsis atau infeksi serius yang menyebar melalui aliran darah
  • Tuberkulosis
  • Hepatitis virus

Terdapat beberapa obat yang dapat menyebabkan kolestasis, seperti:

  • Antibiotik, ampisilin dan jenis penisilin lain
  • Anabolik steroid
  • Pil KB
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Cimetidine
  • Estradiol
  • Imipramine
  • Prochlorperazine
  • Terbinafine
  • Tolbutamide

 

Faktor Risiko

Kolestatis dapat terjadi pada semua umur. Namun, penyakit ini paling sering terjadi pada anak-anak dan usia remaja. Hal ini disebabkan karena imaturitas (belum matang) hati pada kelompok anak-anak dan usia remaja. Tidak terdapat adanya perbedaan kejadian warna kuning pada kulit dan mata atau jaundice antara perempuan dan laki-laki yang mengalami kolestasis. Perempuan sedikit lebih berisiko dalam mengalami atresia bilier, kolestatis yang disebabkan oleh obat, dan kolestatis intrahepatik pada kehamilan.

 

Gejala

 Gejala yang dapat muncul pada kolestasis, yaitu:

  • BAB atau kotoran pucat seperti dempul
  • Urine berwarna gelap
  • Ketidakmampuan untuk mencerna beberapa jenis makanan, terutama makanan berlemak dan vitamin yang larut lemak
  • Gatal atau pruritus
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Nyeri pada perut kanan atas
  • Warna kuning pada kulit atau mata

 

Diagnosis

Anamnesis

Untuk menegakan diagnosis pada kasus kolestatis, dokter biasanya akan melakukan anamnesis (wawancara mendalam) dan serangkaian pemeriksaan. Pada anamnesis, mengetahui kapan gejala penyakit mulai muncul sangat penting. Jika penyakit ini bersifat akut, muncul secara tiba-tiba, dan dalam waktu yang cepat, hal ini menunjukan suatu kelainan akut. Sebaliknya, jika penyakit ini bersifat kronis dan muncul tanda-tanda berbahaya, kemungkinan kolestatis dapat berkaitan dengan keganasan atau penyebab kronis lainnya.

Dokter juga akan menanyakan jenis obat yang belakangan sedang dikonsumsi atau penyakit yang pernah diderita sebelumnya, seperti sepsis dan penyakit hati.

Adanya gejala berat seperti jaundice yang disertai dengan mual, muntah, rasa lemas dan lelah serta penurunan nafsu makan (fase prodromal) mengarahkan diagnosis ke hepatitis virus. Riwayat perjalanan sebelumnya, riwayat berhubungan seksual, riwayat trasnfusi darah, dan riwayat operasi besar serta riwayat penggunaan obat melalui pembuluh darah vena dapat mendukung dalam penegakan diagnosis.

Pada kolestasis yang bersifat kronis, dapat ditemukan gejala berupa rasa gatal yang membaik pada pagi hari dan memburuk sepanjang hari, terutama setelah makan di pagi hari. Anda mungkin merasa lelah. Karena kolestasis yang terjadi dalam jangka panjang atau kronis, dapat ditemukan adanya kekurangan vitamin yang larut akan lemak, seperti vitamin A, D, E, dan K.

Lebih lanjut, penyakit ini memungkinkan terjadinya Xanthomas. Xanthomas adalah penumpukan lemak pada kulit berwarna kuning di sekitar mata, atau di sekitar telapak tangan, dan di beberapa bagian lain pada tubuh.

Pemeriksaan Fisik

Pada pemeriksaan fisik, dokter akan menemukan adanya warna kuning pada kulit dan mata Anda atau jaundice, mukosa mulut, atau bahkan seluruh tubuh. Gejala berupa jaundice tidak selalu terlihat pada kolestasis.

Dokter juga akan mencari tanda-tanda penyakit lain yang mungkin mendasari terjadinya kolestasis, seperti adanya spider angioma yang mengarah ke sirosis hati, atau tanda penggunaan jarum suntik yang dapat mengarah pada penggunaan obat suntik.

Dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan pada perut Anda. Dokter akan menemukan adanya nyeri pada perut kanan atas atau pada ulu hati pada kasus kolestasis.

Pemeriksaan Penunjang

Dokter kemudian akan melakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pada pemeriksaan ini akan ditemukan adanya peningkatan kadar bilirubin dalam darah (hiperbilirubinemia) dan peningkatan serum alkaline fosfatase.

Lebih lanjut, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan pencitraan dengan menggunakan beberapa alat diagnosis, seperti CT scan abdomen, MRI, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), atau Ultrasound (USG) abdomen. Pemeriksaan pencitraan ini dilakukan sesuai dengan indikasi.

Tindakan USG dilakukan untuk membantu mengidentifikasi jika terdapat pelebaran duktus biliaris dan membantu menegakkan penyebab kolestasis dikarenakan gangguan pada hepatosit (sel hati) atau adanya sumbatan pada saluran empedu. Jika kolestasis disebabkan karena adanya sumbatan, maka pada USG akan terlihat adanya pelebaran saluran empedu. Jika kolestasis disebabkan karena adanya gangguan hepatosit, pada USG saluran empedu akan terlihat normal tanpa adanya pelebaran.

Jika diketahui terjadi intrahepatik kolestasis, maka akan dilakukan pemeriksaan biopsi pada hati. Biopsi hati adalah suatu prosedur pengambilan sedikit jaringan hati untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan di bawah mikroskop.

 

Tata laksana

Kolestasis ditata laksana berdasarkan penyebab yang mendasarinya. Batu saluran empedu menjadi penyebab tersering terjadinya kolestatis. Tata laksana berupa pengeluaran batu dari saluran empedu dapat menyembuhkan kolestatis. Jika kolestatis terjadi dikarenakan adanya penyempitan atau tumor pada saluran empedu, maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan terapi berupa pembedahan (operasi). Jika kolestasis disebabkan oleh penggunaan obat, dokter akan meminta Anda untuk segera menghentikan penggunaan obat tersebut atau dokter akan mengganti obat tersebut.

Pada sebagian besar kasus kolestasis dalam kehamilan akan diterapi setelah melahirkan. Wanita dengan kolestasis kehamilan harus dilakukan pemantauan sampai setelah melahirkan. 

 

Komplikasi

Terdapat beberapa kemungkinan yang dapat terjadi sebagai komplikasi dari penyakit kolestasis, yaitu:

  • Diare
  • Kegagalan organ yang dapat terjadi pada sepsis
  • Penyerapan lemak dan vitamin larut lemak yang buruk
  • Gatal yang parah
  • Osteomalasia yang terjadi dikarenakan kolestatis jangka panjang

 

Pencegahan

  • Lakukan vaksinasi hepatitis, terutama jika Anda memiliki risiko
  • Hindari menggunakan obat suntik dan menggunakan jarum yang sama dengan orang lain. Jarum hanya digunakan satu kali untuk tiap orang guna mencegah terjadinya penularan penyakit yang dapat mendasari kolestasis
  • Jangan menyalahgunakan alkohol

 

Kapan Harus Ke Dokter?

Segera kunjungi dokter jika menemukan beberapa gejala seperti:

  • Rasa gatal yang tidak hilang
  • Warna kuning pada kulit dan mata
  • Gejala-gejala kolestasis yang telah disebutkan di atas
Writer : dr Sherly Deftia Agustina
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 17 Mei 2024 | 09:56

MedlinePlus [Internet]. K. Lehrer, Jenifer. (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [updated 2020 May 27]. Cholestasis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000215.html

Shah R, John S. Cholestatic Jaundice. [Updated 2021 Jul 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482279/

Bigger, Alana. Everything you should know about cholestasis. [Updated 2018 Nov 13]. Healthline[Internet]. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/cholestasis

Nazer, Hislam. Cholestasis. [Updated 2017 Aug 09]. Medscape [Internet]. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/927624-overview

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new1.26msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new166msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 06:06:40' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new8.84msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 765 where `id` = 2494
      Bindings
      • 0: 765
      • 1: 2494
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new5.79msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2494, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 06:06:40', '2025-04-06 06:06:40')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2494
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      • 8: 2025-04-06 06:06:40
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.01msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 32 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 32
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 532 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 532
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new800μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8304 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8304
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1226 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1226
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3410 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3410
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 319 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 319
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1288 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1288
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new830μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3728 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3728
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2352 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2352
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2495 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2495
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4062 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4062
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2452 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2452
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5143 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5143
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new610μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new520μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    59Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        OxI3fAbUTAPQdcEiP55MBS6KFXV0nTwUYnihEFiv
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/kolestasis-1" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/kolestasis-1
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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