Kista Ateroma

Kista Ateroma
Gambaran kista ateroma

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Definisi

Kista ateroma merupakan sebuah kista jinak dibawah permukaan kulit yang berasal dari folikel rambut, dan dibungkus oleh sel tipis menyerupai epidermis (lapisan atas kulit). Kista ini biasanya terisi dengan keratin dan produk buangan yang kaya lemak.

Kista ateroma adalah kista kulit yang paling sering ditemukan. Nama lain kista ateroma adalah:

  • Kista epidermoid
  • Kista epidermal
  • Kista inklusi epidermal
  • Kista infundibulum
  • Kista keratin
  • Kista sebasea. Istilah ini sebenarnya tidak tepat karena kista sebasea berasal dari kelenjar minyak yang mengeluarkan minyak untuk melubrikasi rambut dan kulit. Sementara itu, kista ateroma tidak melibatkan kelenjar minyak, juga tidak mengandung minyak atau sebum di dalamnya. Kista sebasea lebih jarang ditemui daripada kista ateroma.

 

Penyebab

Permukaan kulit (epidermis) terbentuk dari lapisan sel tipis yang melindungi kulit. Lapisan ini secara reguler akan mengelupas. Kebanyakan kista ateroma terbentuk ketika sel-sel ini bergerak lebih jauh ke dalam kulit dan bermultiplikasi, tidak mengelupas. Terkadang kista dapat terbentuk akibat iritasi atau luka pada kulit atau pada bagian paling atas dari folikel rambut.

Sel-sel epidermis akan membentuk dinding kista dan memproduksi protein keratin ke dasar kista. Keratin merupakan zat yang kental berwarna kekuningan yang terkadang mengalir keluar dari kista. Pertumbuhan sel yang abnormal ini dapat disebabkan oleh kerusakan atau sumbatan struktur pilosebasea (struktur folikel rambut dan kelenjar minyak). Pada area tubuh yang tidak berambut seperti telapak tangan atau telapak kaki, kista ateroma juga dapat terbentuk akibat luka. 

 

Fakor Risiko

Hampir semua orang dapat mengalami satu atau lebih kista ateroma. Namun, kista ateroma paling sering ditemukan pada orang dewasa, terutama pada usia muda sampai pertengahan (30 sampai 40 tahun) dan jarang ditemukan sebelum pubertas. Kista ini dua kali lipat lebih sering terjadi pada pria dibandingkan wanita.

Terdapat beberapa kelainan genetik yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena kista ateroma yang berjumlah banyak, yaitu:

  • Sindrom Gardner (poliposis adenomatosa familial)
  • Pakionikia congenita tipe 2
  • Sindrom Gorlin (sindrom nevus sel basal)

Pada sindrom-sindrom tersebut, kista epidermoid biasanya muncul sejak sebelum pubertas dengan jumlah dan lokasi yang tidak biasa.

Penelitian terbaru ada yang menunjukan bahwa paparan sinar ultarviolet dan infeksi oleh human papillomavirus (HPV) dapat memicu pembentukan kista ateroma.

 

Gejala

Gejala kista ateroma meliputi:

  • Benjolan yang padat, berwarna seperti daging atau kekuningan, berbentuk bulat yang melekat pada permukaan kulit, namun biasanya bagian yang lebih dalam dapat digerakan
  • Diameter 1-3 cm
  • Memiliki titik seperti komedo di puncak tengahnya, yang merupakan saluran kecil. Ketika kista dipencet, titik tersebut dapat mengeluarkan kotoran seperti keju yang berbau tidak sedap

Kista ateroma paling sering didapatkan pada bagian badan (misalnya pada dada dan bahu), leher, dan wajah, namun dapat terjadi di semua area tubuh. Kista ini juga dapat ditemukan pada kulit buah zakar dan area kelamin, jari-jari, dan bahkan di selaput lendir dalam mulut. Kista yang tumbuh pada ujung jari dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan kuku.

Kista ateroma dapat hanya berjumlah satu buah atau lebih, dan biasanya tidak menimbulkan gejala kecuali pecah. Ketika pecah, akan terjadi reaksi peradangan karena isi kista keluar ke jaringan sekitar. Peradangan ini ditandai dengan kemerahan, bengkak, dan nyeri pada area kista yang terinfeksi atau meradang.

 

Diagnosa

Dokter biasanya dapat mendiagnosis kista ateroma dengan menanyakan gejala yang Anda alami dan melihat kista ditubuh Anda. Dokter juga dapat mengambil sampel dari kista dengan cara mengerok sel kulitnya dan memeriksanya di bawah mikroskop. Biasanya tidak dibutuhkan pemeriksaan lain seperti ultrasonografi (USG) ataupun biopsi.

 

Tata Laksana

Kista ateroma biasanya jinak dan bertumbuh dengan lambat sampai bertahun-tahun, serta jarang menjadi ganas. Kista yang berukuran kecil dan tidak memiliki komplikasi kebanyakan tidak menimbulkan gejala sehingga memerlukan terapi dan akan hilang sendiri. Namun, jika mengganggu atau menyebabkan masalah kosmetik, maka terapi paling efektif adalah dengan pengangkatan kista secara bedah untuk membuang kista berserta pembungkusnya yang masih utuh. Pengangkatan pembungkus kista secara menyeluruh dapat menurunkan angka kekambuhan. Namun, hal ini dapat sulit dilakukan pada kista yang sudah pecah. Pada kista yang pecah, sisa-sisa pembungkus kista harus dibersihkan supaya tidak terjadi kekambuhan.

Setelah dilakukan pengangkatan kista, biasanya kista akan dikirimkan ke laboratorium untuk diperiksa dibawah mikroskop. Hal ini dilakukan karena kista ateroma memiriki risiko untuk menjadi ganas dan untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan diagnosa yang lain.

Pada kista yang terinfeksi, maka akan diberikan antibiotik terlebih dahulu sebelum dilakukan penyayatan dan pengeluaran nanah. Jika terdapat peradangan di sekitar kista, maka dapat disuntikan steroid seperti triamnisolon ke dalam kista untuk mengurangi peradangan.

Setelah operasi pengangkatan kista, Anda dianjurkan untuk menghindari olahraga yang dapat menimbulkan cedera dan aktivitas berat lainnya. Benang jahit dapat diangkat dalam 7-10 hari.

 

Komplikasi

Potensi komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada kista ateroma adalah:

  • Kista ateroma dapat meradang sehingga menjadi nyeri dan bengkak meskipun tidak terinfeksi. Kista yang meradang ini sulit untuk dibuang. Dokter biasanya akan menunda pengangkatan kista sampai peradangan mereda.
  • Pecahnya kista. Kista yang pecah akan mengeluarkan isinya ke kulit dan menyebabkan pembengkakan, kemerahan, dan nyeri. Pecahnya kista dapat terjadi akibat cedera.
  • Infeksi. Kista dapat terinfeksi dan menjadi nyeri, sampai membentuk abses (kumpulan nanah). Bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan infeksi kista adalah Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Streptococcus grup A.
  • Kekambuhan. Jika kista pecah dan kapsul atau pembungkusnya tidak dibuang seluruhnya, kista dapat timbul kembali.
  • Potensi menjadi ganas. Meskipun kista ateroma merupakan kista yang jinak, namun tetap ada kemungkinan menjadi ganas (jarang). Sebanyak 1% kista ateroma diketahui dapat berubah menjadi kanker kulit berupa karsinoma sel skuamosa atau karsinoma sel basal. Karsinoma sel skuamosa merupakan keganasan yang paling sering dijumpai, dibandingkan dengan sel basal, yaitu sebanyak 70% dari semua kista ateroma yang menjadi ganas.

Selain itu, prosedur pengangkatan kista dapat menyebabkan perdarahan, infeksi bakteri, dan pembentukan bekas luka.

 

Pencegahan

Anda tidak dapat mencegah timbulnya kista ateroma. Namun, Anda dapat mencegah timbulnya bekas luka dan infeksi dengan cara:

  • Tidak memencet kista atau berusaha mengeluarkan isi kista
  • Kompres area kista dengan kain basah yang hangat untuk membantu pengeluaran isi kista secara spontan dan penyembuhan

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Kebanyakan kista ateroma tidak menyebabkan masalah dan tidak memerlukan terapi. Anda disarankan untuk berkonsultasi ke dokter jika Anda mengalami satu dari kondisi di bawah ini:

  • Kista yang membesar dengan cepat
  • Kista yang pecah atau menjadi nyeri
  • Kista yang terinfeksi
  • Kista yang mengganggu kosmetik
  • Kista yang tumbuh di lokasi yang tidak umum, seperti pada jari-jari tangan atau kaki

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 27 Juni 2024 | 08:13

Epidermoid cyst | DermNet NZ. Dermnetnz.org. (2022). Retrieved 27 April 2022, from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

Zito, P., & Scharf, R. (2022). Epidermoid Cyst. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 27 April 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499974/

Epidermoid cysts - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2022). Retrieved 28 April 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352706

 

 

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      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 3502
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 09:17:46
      • 8: 2025-04-06 09:17:46
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 0: 31
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new13.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8463 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8463
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10102
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1529 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1529
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5813 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5813
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4869 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4869
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6297 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6297
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7727 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7727
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new780μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new470μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    16Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    11Post.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    2Tag.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-06 09:17:46GET/healthpedia-penyakit/kista-ateroma2102738