Edema Kornea

Edema Kornea

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Definisi

Edema kornea merupakan kondisi di mana kornea mengalami pembengkakan akibat penumpukan cairan. Kornea merupakan struktur bola mata yang berfungsi untuk membantu memfokuskan cahaya agar manusia dapat melihat dengan baik. Kornea bersifat jernih dan relatif dehidrasi (tidak memiliki kandungan air yang tinggi), agar cahaya dapat masuk ke dalam bola mata.  Kornea merupakan struktur yang tidak memiliki pembuluh darah, sehingga nutrisi yang dibutuhkan atau produk metabolik yang dihasilkan dialirkan melalui air mata. Kornea merupakan struktur mata yang memiliki banyak persarafan, sehingga adanya infeksi atau peradangan dapat menyebabkan gejala nyeri ketika melihat cahaya, mata berair, dan pandangan buram.

Jika terjadi penumpukan cairan pada struktur kornea yang seharusnya tidak mengandung banyak cairan, akan terjadi edema kornea. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kornea menjadi tidak jernih dan mengganggu penglihatan.

Angka kejadian edema kornea di Indonesia dan di dunia belum diketahui. Di Amerika Serikat, angka kejadian edema kornea setelah operasi adalah sekitar 0.1%. Orang yang lebih tua lebih sering mengalami edema kornea akibat adanya kerusakan selama proses penuaan. Penyembuhan edema kornea pasca operasi umumnya baik, sekitar 90% memiliki kornea yang baik setelah cangkok kornea. Namun, hanya 50% pasien yang dapat kembali menyetir dan membaca dengan baik kembali.

 

Penyebab

Kornea terdiri atas beberapa lapisan yang berfungsi untuk memfokuskan cahaya tepat di retina dan membuat bayangan yang jelas. Sepanjang struktur lapisan kornea, terdapat jaringan yang disebut endotel. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan cairan dari kornea agar kornea tetap dehidrasi dan jernih. Ketika sel pada jaringan endotel ini mengalami kerusakan, cairan di dalam kornea tidak dapat dipompa keluar dari kornea sehingga menyebabkan pembengkakan dan kornea keruh. Sel endotel ini tidak dapat beregenerasi, sehingga sekali mengalami kerusakan, sel tersebut tidak dapat diperbaharui oleh tubuh.

Beberapa kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dari sel endotel dan menyebabkan edema kornea, antara lain:

  • Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, merupakan penyakit yang diturunkan di mana sel endotel mengalami kerusakan secara perlahan.
  • Endothelitis, merupakan respon imun yang menyebabkan peradangan berkelanjutkan pada jaringan endotel. Umumnya disebabkan oleh virus herpes.
  • Glaukoma, merupakan kondisi di mana terjadi peningkatan tekanan bola mata. Tekanan ini dapat mencapai suatu titik yang merusak saraf mata dan merusak kornea akibat tekanan yang tinggi pada jaringan endotel. 
  • Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy.
  • Chandler's syndrome.

Operasi katarak juga dapat merusak jaringan endotel dan pompanya. Umumnya kerusakan yang ditimbulkan tidak terlalu luas, namun tetap dapat menyebabkan edema kornea. Edema kornea yang terjadi setelah operasi katarak disebut pseudophakic corneal edema atau pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Saat ini, operasi katarak sudah lebih jarang menyebabkan edema kornea dibandingkan prosedur pada masa lalu. 

Pengobatan menggunakan obat-obatan tertentu juga dapat menyebabkan edema kornea, antara lain:

  • benzalkonium klorida, merupakan pengawet yang digunakan di beberapa obat tetes mata dan obat pereda nyeri.
  • chlorhexidine, antiseptik yang digunakan untuk membersihkan kulit sebelum operasi.
  • amantadine, obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati virus dan Parkinson.

 

Faktor Risiko

  • Menjalani operasi katarak
  • Menggunakan obat-obatan seperti benzalkonium klorida, klorheksidin, dan amantadin
  • Memiliki penyakit vaskular seperti diabetes
  • Mengalami trauma mata
  • Memiliki glaukoma
  • Infeksi herpes

Gejala

Gejala yang dirasakan jika Anda mengalami edema kornea, antara lain:

  • Nyeri pada mata
  • Tidak nyaman pada ruangan terang
  • Nyeri ketika melihat cahaya
  • Sensasi benda asing pada mata
  • Terlihat 'lingkaran' atau halo pada pandangan Anda
  • Pandangan buram, terutama pada pagi hari dan membaik setelah siang hari
  • Lenting pada sekitar mata

 

Diagnosis

Dokter akan menanyakan mengenai keluhan Anda, sejak kapan keluhan ini muncul, dan apakah Anda memiliki faktor risiko dari edema kornea, yaitu operasi katarak sebelumnya, obat tetes mata, diabetes, sebelumnya mengalami benturan pada mata, dan glaukoma. Dokter Anda akan melakukan pemeriksaan slit lamp untuk melihat lapisan kornea Anda serta ukuran dari lapisan tersebut. Pada kondisi yang parah, dokter Anda dapat menemukan bullae atau lenting pada permukaan kornea Anda. Temuan lain juga dapat mengarahkan ke penyakit dasar yang menyebabkan edema kornea Anda. Pemeriksaan lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah pengukuran ketebalan kornea dengan pakimeter dan melihat sisi dalam bola mata Anda dengan menggunakan ultrasound.

 

Tata Laksana

Pengobatan edema kornea akan bergantung pada penyakit yang mendasarinya. Jika kondisi edema kornea  ringan, tidak ada obat-obatan spesifik untuk menanganinya. Untuk meredakan edema kornea, dokter Anda akan memberikan air mata buatan tetes. Beberapa kondisi hanya membutuhkan pengobatan sebagai berikut:

  • Irigasi dengan cairan salin dari bahan-bahan toksik yang mengiritasi kornea
  • Menggunakan antibiotik untuk infeksi bakteri
  • Menggunakan lensa kontak atau eye cover
  • Menggunakan kortikosteroid untuk menurunkan bengkak setelah trauma
  • Obat-obatan anti inflamasi pada rheumatoid arthritis
  • Antivirus

Jika kerusakan kornea luas dan tidak dapat ditangani, operasi perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi kornea Anda. Anda harus melewati penggantian kornea secara keseluruhan atau hanya salah satu lapisan saja dari donor. Prosedur operasi untuk mengobati edema kornea antara lain:

  • Penetrating keratoplasty, dokter mata Anda akan mengeluarkan seluruh lapisan kornea dan menggantinya dengan lapisan kornea sehat dari donor. Jaringan kornea yang baru akan dijahit.  Bentuk dari kornea mungkin kurang sesuai dengan kornea Anda sebelumnya, sehingga Anda perlu menggunakan lensa kontak untuk dapat melihat dengan baik. Risiko dari tindakan ini antara lain adalah kerusakan pada lensa, perdarahan, glaukoma, dan cangkok yang gagal
  • Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), prosedur ini mengganti lapisan endotel yang rusak dari kornea tanpa mengangkat lapisan kornea yang lain. Prosedur dan pengobatan dari DSEK lebih cepat dibandingkan penetrating keratoplasty

Waktu penyembuhan dari tindakan bergantung pada jenis edema kornea. Edema kornea yang ringan mungkin tidak memerlukan pengobatan lanjutan dan tidak memiliki sekuele. Jika Anda perlu melakukan operasi untuk mengganti seluruh kornea Anda, Anda dapat kembali melihat dengan baik dalam jangka waktu 1 tahun. Anda perlu melakukan kontrol ke dokter mata Anda, terutama setelah menjalani operasi. 

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi dari edema kornea antara lain adalah edema makula, astigmatisme pasca operasi, uveitis, dan glaukoma.

Pencegahan

Kondisi edema kornea dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan pelindung mata jika Anda melakukan pekerjaan atau olahraga yang dapat mencederai mata Anda. Anda juga perlu memperhatikan obat-obatan tetes mata yang Anda gunakan dan konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda. Edema kornea pada infeksi dan glaukoma tidak dapat dicegah, namun dengan menyadari gejala lebih dini, Anda dapat mendapatkan penanganan yang lebih tepat.

 

Kapan harus ke dokter?

Jika Anda mengalami gejala edema kornea di atas setelah terjadi trauma kepala, operasi katarak, dan infeksi, segera periksakan diri Anda ke dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Tannia Sembiring S Ked
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:18

Griff AM. (2018). Corneal edema. Healthline. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/health/corneal-edema.

Frysh P. (2020). Corneal Edema: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments. WebMD. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/corneal-edema.

Taravella M. (2018). Postoperative Corneal Edema. Medscape. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1193218-treatment#d8.

Farid M et al. (2018). Corneal Edema and Opafication PPP–2018. AAO. Retrieved 14 November 2021, from https://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/corneal-edema-and-opacification-ppp-2018.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.95msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 832 where `id` = 1758
      Bindings
      • 0: 832
      • 1: 1758
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new12.88msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 1758, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 06:26:22', '2025-04-06 06:26:22')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 1758
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 06:26:22
      • 8: 2025-04-06 06:26:22
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 26 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 26
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5775 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5775
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2275 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2275
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10083 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10083
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1602 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1602
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6658 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6658
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10156 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10156
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2318 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2318
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1650 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1650
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1698 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1698
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1694 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1694
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1653 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1653
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new690μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new940μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    115Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    21Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
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        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/edema-kornea
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
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        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
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