Dislokasi Siku

Dislokasi Siku
kenali tanda dan gejala dislokasi siku

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Definisi

Dislokasi lengan adalah kasus yang cukup sering terjadi baik pada anak-anak atau orang dewasa. Dislokasi artinya adanya perpindahan tulang dari tempat yang seharusnya. Bagian lengan yang sering terjadi dislokasi adalah siku dan bahu. Dislokasi siku lebih sering terjadi dibandingkan dislokasi pada bahu, dan lebih sering terjadi pada usia 10 hingga 20 tahun. Dislokasi siku berkontribusi 10-25 persen dalam cedera siku yang sering terjadi. Pada artikel ini akan dibahas mengenai dislokasi sendi siku.

Siku adalah bagian tubuh yang memiliki persendian antara lengan atas dan lengan bawah. Bertugas untuk menstabilkan pergerakan antara tulang lengan atas dan tulang lengan bawah. Siku memiliki banyak struktur otot, sendi, dan saraf disekitarnya.

Dislokasi siku dapat dikategorikan menjadi beberapa jenis, diantaranya adalah:

  • Dislokasi sederhana: terjadi ketika tidak ada cedera pada tulang yang serius
  • Dislokasi kompleks: terjadi ketika adanya cedera tulang dan ligamen yang serius
  • Dislokasi berat: terjadi ketika terdapat cedera pada pembuluh darah dan saraf yang melewati bagian siku, sehingga meningkatkan resiko terjadinya amputasi.

Beberapa orang lahir dengan fleksibilitas pada ligamen yang berlebih dibandingkan orang lainnya sehingga memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk menderita dislokasi siku.

 

Penyebab

Dislokasi sendi pada siku biasa terjadi ketika sesorang terjatuh dengan tangan yang mengarah keluar dan lengan berada dalam posisi lurus. Dislokasi juga dapat terjadi akibat cedera akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas atau cedera olahraga. Pada beberapa kasus, penggunaan sendi yang berlebihan terutama pada aktivitas yang berulang-ulang dapat menyebabkan jaringan penopang sendi siku seperti tendon dan ligamen menjadi longgar, sehingga menyebabkan siku menjadi tidak stabil dan terjadilah dislokasi. Selain itu, penyakit langka seperti Sindrom Ehler-Danos yang menyebabkan sendi menjadi longgar dan lebih fleksibel juga dapat menyebabkan dislokasi siku.

 

Jika Anda ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai dislokasi sendi, Anda dapat membacanya di sini: Dislokasi Sendi - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala dan Pengobatannya

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor resiko dari dislokasi siku antara lain adalah:

  • Usia anak-anak
  • Jenis kelamin laki-laki
  • Usia diatas 65 tahun (karena lebih mudah terjatuh)
  • Profesi atlet
  • Profesi yang mengharuskan bekerja dengan aktivitas fisik yang berat
  • Profesi yang mengharuskan mengerjakan aktivitas dengan menggunakan lengan secara repetitif (berulang – ulang) setiap hari
  • Menderita penyakit langka tertentu
  • Kecelakaan lalu lintas

 

Gejala

Dislokasi pada sendi dapat terjadi dengan pemisahan sendi total dan setengah. Bila seluruh bagian dari sendi siku terpisah, maka dapat dinamakan luksasi. Sementara bila hanya sebagian dari sendi siku terpisah dari tempat yang seharusnya, maka dapat dinamakan subluksasi. Baik luksasi atau subluksasi memiliki gejala sebagai berikut:

  • Memar
  • Kelainan bentuk pada siku, biasanya terlihat ada tulang yang lebih menonjol pada bagian siku
  • Kelemahan pada sendi
  • Ketidakmampuan untuk menggerakan siku
  • Nyeri
  • Bengkak

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis dari dislokasi siku dapat dilakukan dengan anamnesis atau wawancara medis antar dokter dan pasien, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang.

 

Wawancara Medis

Dokter akan melakukan tanya jawab dengan menanyakan:

  • Gejala yang dialami saat ini
  • Riwayat trauma atau cedera
  • Mekanisme dan proses terjadinya trauma atau cedera
  • Kapan terjadinya trauma atau cedera
  • Riwayat pengobatan
  • Riwayat penyakit terdahulu
  • Riwayat penyakit pada keluarga

 

Pemeriksaan Fisik

Kemudian dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik. Pemeriksaan fisik akan dimulai dengan pemeriksaan tanda vital seperti tekanan darah, suhu tubuh, laju napas, dan denyut nadi. Selanjutnya dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan yang lebih spesifik dengan memeriksa bagian siku dan melakukan pemeriksaan berikut:

  • Look: melihat bagian siku. Dokter akan melihat adanya memar, perubahan warna, perubahan bentuk, adanya luka luar pada bagian siku.
  • Feel: melakukan pemeriksaan dengan melakukan perabaan pada bagian siku. Dokter akan meraba bagian siku, memastikan adanya nyeri, benjolan, dan perubahan suhu akibat pembengkakan.
  • Move: mencoba menggerakkan siku untuk melihat fungsi saraf pada lengan. Melihat apakah adanya gangguan pada bagian saraf dan membandingkannya dengan lengan yang satunya.

 

Pemeriksaan Penunjang

Selanjutnya dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang. Pemeriksaan penunjang dapat berupa pemeriksaan radiologi:

  • Rontgen : bila dokter mencurigai adanya tulang yang retak atau patah
  • CT (Computerized Tomography) Scan : untuk melihat kerusahkan pada otot dan tendon disekitar siku
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : untuk melihat kerusahkan pada otot dan tendon disekitar siku

 

Baca juga mengenai cedera tendon, di sini: Cedera Tendon - Definisi, Penyebab, Gejala dan Pengobatannya

 

Tata Laksana

Beberapa kasus dislokasi siku yang ringan dapat kembali ke posisi semula dengan sendirinya. Untuk kasus yang lebih parah, dokter harus melakukan beberapa tindakan yang sesuai untuk mengembalikan tulang dan sendi ke posisi yang seharusnya.

Pengobatan akan bergantung dengan keparahan dari dislokasi. Berikut beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan sendiri untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri ketika Anda belum sampai ke dokter:

  • Rest, atau mengistirahatkan bagian siku terlebih dahulu
  • Apply ice, atau mengompres dingin bagian siku dengan es batu
  • Memastikan siku dalam posisi tinggi dan naik

Pengobatan lain yang dapat dilakukan oleh dokter meliputi:

  • Manipulasi: tindakan manual yang dilakukan dokter untuk mengembalikan sendi ke posisi semula
  • Medikasi: dokter akan merekomendasikan obat bebas yang dapat dibeli di apotek untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri
  • Istirahat: ketika sendi sudah kembali ke posisi yang seharusnya, anda harus mengistirahatkan sendi dan melindunginya dengan bidai untuk membantu proses penyembuhan
  • Fisioterapi: Anda mungkin harus melakukan beberapa latihan dan terapi fisik untuk menguatkan otot dan tendon di bagian siku untuk membantu menopang siku setelah sembuh
  • Operasi atau tindakan pembedahan: bila dokter tidak mampu mengembalikan tulang secara manual dengan proses manipulasi, maka Anda memerlukan tindakan operasi. Dislokasi yang merusak bagian pembuluh darah dan saraf bagian siku, tendon atau otot yang robek dan membutuhkan perbaikan.

Proses penyembuhan tiap pasien dislokasi siku dapat berbeda-beda. Namun dislokasi siku merupakan kondisi yang tingkat kesembuhannya tinggi dan pasien dapat beraktivitas kembali seperti biasa.

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi dari dislokasi siku sebetulnya jarang terjadi, namun dapat terjadi pada kasus dislokasi yang parah dan mempengaruhi saraf dan pembuluh daerah di sekitar siku, antara lain:

  • Gangguan pada aliran darah dan saraf
  • Sindrom kompartemen
  • Hilangnya range of motion secara permanen atau kemampuan siku untuk bergerak dan berfungsi secara permanen

 

Pencegahan

Untuk mencegah dislokasi siku, dapat melakukan hal berikut:

  • Hindari penggunaan siku yang berlebihan, baik saat bekerja, atau berolahraga
  • Lebih berhati-hati dalam berkendara, banyak dislokasi siku yang terjadi akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas
  • Hati-hati ketika berada di ketinggian, risiko dislokasi siku meningkat bila terjatuh dari ketinggian
  • Hati-hati ketika berjalan di tempat yang licin dan tangga

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Segeralah ke dokter bila anda baru saja mengalami cedera atau trauma pada bagian siku, seperti kecelakaan lalu lintas atau terjatuh dari tempat yang tinggi. Hindari untuk mencoba mengembalikan posisi siku sendiri tanpa bantuan dokter. Anda dapat berobat ke instalasi gawat darurat atau ke dokter spesialis ortopedi dan traumatologi.

 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Lovira Ai Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 22 Desember 2022 | 07:52

Cleveland Clinic - Dislocated Elbow. (2018). Retrieved 9 November 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17942-dislocated-elbow

PennMedicine - Elbow Dislocation. (2021). Retrieved 9 November 2022, from https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/orthopaedics/elbow-pain/elbow-dislocation-diagnosis-and-treatment

Rothman - Elbow Dislocation. (2018). Retrieved 9 November 2022, from https://rothmanortho.com/stories/blog/elbow-dislocation

 

WebMD - Elbow Dislocation. (2022). Retrieved 9 November 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/elbow-dislocation

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    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new7.37msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 459 where `id` = 5573
      Bindings
      • 0: 459
      • 1: 5573
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
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      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 5573
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 14:04:31
      • 8: 2025-04-06 14:04:31
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.23msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 44 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 44
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7730 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7730
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1036 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1036
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5487 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5487
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8692 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8692
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4831 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4831
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new4.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2561 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2561
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10029 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10029
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6466
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5732
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.07msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\User
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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