Pemeriksaan IgM

Pemeriksaan IgM
Antibodi atau immunoglobulin memiliki peran penting pada sistem imunitas tubuh.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Antibodi atau immunoglobulin memiliki peran penting pada sistem imunitas tubuh. Imunoglobulin merupakan protein yang terbentuk atau dihasilkan oleh sel imun yang disebut dengan plasma sel pada sistem imun untuk melawan benda asing dari luar tubuh seperti virus dan bakteri. IgM merupakan antibodi pertama yang terbentuk ketika tubuh terpapar patogen atau benda asing.

Antibodi IgM terdapat dalam darah dan cairan limfa (cairan yang membawa sel antibodi dalam tubuh). IgM merupakan salah satu antibodi terbesar dan antibodi alami di dalam tubuh, memiliki kemampuan untuk menghalangi antigen spesifik. Cara kerja antibodi IgM sangat cepat pada inisiasi dan respon imun terhadap benda asin dengan menetralkan patogen secara langsung. Pemeriksaan IgM dilakukan untuk mengukur jumlah antibodi IgM di dalam darah.

Pemeriksaan IgM biasanya dilakukan bersamaan dengan pemeriksaan IgG dan IgA untuk mendapatkan gambaran lebih jelas terhadap fungsionalitas imun seseorang dan kemampuan tubuh dalam menghadapi antigen.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan IgM biasanya dilakukan untuk memeriksa kemampuan sistem imun seseorang dan dalam mendeteksi serta mengawasi kelebihan atau kekurangan imunoglobulin lainnya. Dokter akan menyarankan melakukan pemeriksaan ini bila mengalami infeksi kembali dari saluran pernapasan seperti pneumonia, sinusitis, infeksi pada saluran cerna, kekurangan IgM atau terjadi peningkatan pada IgM yang disebabkan kekurangan IgG.

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kontraindikasi khusus terkait pemeriksaan IgM.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan IgM.  Pemeriksaan ini tidak mewajibkan Anda puasa sebelumnya kecuali Anda juga melakukan pemeriksaan lain yang mengharuskan Anda berpuasa sebelumnya. Informasikan pada dokter bila Anda mengkonsumsi obat atau makanan tertentu yang dapat mempengaruhi pemeriksaan. Pastikan kondisi Anda tidak dalam kondisi stres.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pemeriksaan IgM menggunakan sampel darah. Petugas laboratorium akan membersihkan lengan Anda dengan alcohol swab dan mengambil sedikit darah dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan spuit steril. Pada bayi, pengambilan darah dilakukan pada bagian tumit. Bila darah diambil melalui pembuluh darah, permukaan kulit akan dibersihkan dengan antiseptik dan diikat dengan alat khusus (tourniquet) pada area lengan untuk memberikan tekanan dan menyebabkan pembuluh darah membesar. Jarum pengambilan sampel akan dimasukkan melalui pembuluh darah (biasanya pada bagian lengan dalam atau siku atau pada bagian punggung tangan) dan darah akan diambil masuk ke dalam vial atau syringe.

Setelah prosedur, tourniquet dilepaskan dan bekas area pengambilan darah akan ditutup dengan perban untuk menghentikan pendarahan. Selanjutnya, darah akan dimasukan ke dalam tabung darah dan diperiksa oleh petugas laboratorium pada mesin khusus. Prosedur pemeriksaan ini cukup sederhana dan biasanya akan memakan waktu hingga 10 menit untuk mengambil darah dan merapikannya. Prosedur ini memberikan rasa sakit minimal. Pemeriksaan ini mungkin akan memakan waktu sehari untuk mendapatkan hasil. Risiko pemeriksaan dalam darah sangat kecil. Beberapa orang merasakan nyeri, pusing, dan memar saat pengambilan darah. Namun, hal ini biasanya hilang dengan cepat.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Nilai normal pemeriksaan IgM bergantung pada usia dan rentang normal laboratorium dimana anda melakukan pemeriksaan. Adapun nilai normal berdasarkan rentang usia :

  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 0 - 5 bulan antara 26 sampai 122 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 5 - 9 bulan antara 32 - 132 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 9 - 15 bulan antara 40 - 143 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 15 - 24 bulan antara 26 sampai 122 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 2 - 4 tahun antara 37 sampai 184 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 4 - 7 tahun antara 37 sampai 224 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 7 - 10 tahun antara 38 - 251 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 10 - 13 tahun antara 41 - 255 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 13 - 16 tahun antara 45 - 244 mg/dL
  • Nilai normal IgM pada usia 16 - 18 tahun antara 49 - 201 mg/dL
  • Pada usia lebih dari 18 tahun, nilai rentang normal IgM antara 37 - 286 mg/dL

Nilai abnormal pemeriksaan IgM berada di bawah batas normal atau diatas batas atas nilai normal pemeriksaan.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Hasil pemeriksaan IgM tidak dapat berdiri sendiri sehingga dokter juga akan menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan antibodi lainnya seperti IgG dan IgA.

Kadar IgM yang lebih tinggi kemungkinan adanya, antara lain:

  • Makroglobulinemia
  • Amilodiosis primary sistemik
  • Monoklonal gammopati

Penurunan kadar IgM atau kekurangan kadar IgM dapat disebabkan adanya penurunan imunitas yang disebabkan oleh penyakit lainnya.

 

Konsultasikan ke Dokter yang Tepat

Bila hasil pemeriksaan IgM menunjukkan hasil tidak normal, Anda dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum untuk mendapatkan diagnosis dan terapi yang sesuai. Bila diperlukan, Anda juga dapat berkonsultasi dengan dokter spesialis penyakit dalam sehingga didapatkan penanganan dan terapi yang tepat. Dokter mungkin akan menyarankan Anda melakukan pemeriksaan tambahan untuk memastikan diagnosis Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 30 Agustus 2023 | 05:55

Immunoglobulins Blood Test. (2022). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/immunoglobulins-blood-test/

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM Blood Test). (2021). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://www.testing.com/tests/immunoglobulins-iga-igg-igm/

What is an Immunoglobulin Test?. (2021). Retrieved 29 May 2023, from https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immunoglobulin-test 

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1242 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1242
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2480 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2480
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4497 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 6339
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8090
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7227 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7227
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • 0: 4563
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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