Deferasirox

Deferasirox
Contoh tablet deferasirox 500 mg.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Dextron, Enferox, Exjade, dan Kalsirox.

 

Cara Kerja

Obat ini berikatan dengan zat besi yang menumpuk dalam darah. Zat besi yang sudah berikatan dengan deferasirox akan dibawa keluar dari dalam tubuh melalui tinja.

 

Indikasi

Deserafirox digunakan untuk mengeluarkan zat besi yang berlebihan di tubuh pada orang-orang dengan kondisi berikut:

  • Talasemia yang tidak memerlukan transfusi darah
  • Anemia sel sabit, kondisi di mana sel darah merah memiliki bentuk yang abnormal dan mudah mati
  • Menjalani transfusi darah berulang

Dengan mengurangi penumpukan zat besi di tubuh, risiko mengalami penyakit seperti gangguan organ hati, gagal jantung, dan diabetes bisa berkurang.

 

Kontraindikasi

Deferasirox tidak dapat diberikan pada pasien yang mengalami:

  • Kondisi medis gangguan hati berat.
  • Sindrom mielodiplasia (kelainan darah) risiko tinggi, sekelompok gangguan yang timbul karena sel darah tidak terbentuk atau bekerja dengan baik.
  • Kanker stadium lanjut.
  • Kadar keping darah (trombosit) kurang dari 50.000 sel/mm3.
  • Creatinin clearence (salah satu pengukuran fungsi ginjal) <60 ml/menit.

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang bisa terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini adalah:

  • Mual dan muntah
  • Batuk
  • Demam
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Diare
  • Mengalami kecemasan
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Perubahan warna kulit
  • Kemerahan pada kulit
  • Merasa lelah
  • Pusing

Selain itu, terdapat efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi yaitu:

  • Perdarahan pada saluran cerna atas
  • Gagal ginjal akut
  • Radang hati
  • Gagal pada organ hati
  • Reaksi alergi yang berlebihan

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet:

  • 90 mg
  • 125 mg
  • 250 mg
  • 360 mg
  • 500 mg

 

Dosis

Dosis deferasirox sesuai dengan tujuan pengobatan dan usia pasien seperti di bawah ini:

Peningkatan zat besi akibat transfusi berulang

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis dimulai dari 20 mg/kgBB satu kali sehari, dapat dinaikkan atau diturunkan sebesar 5-10 mg/kgBB setiap 3-6 bulan sekali sesuai dengan kondisi pasien.
    • Dosis maksimal 40 mg/kgBB perhari.
    • Pengobatan dapat dihentikan jika kadar ferritin (protein darah yang mengikat zat besi) dalam darah di bawah 500 mcg/L.
  • Anak-Anak
    • Usia 2 - 5 tahun, dosis awal 20 mg/kgBB perhari, dosis dapat ditingkatkan jika dibutuhkan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien.
    • Usia 5 - 17 tahun, dosis obat sama dengan dewasa.

Peningkatan zat besi pada pasien thalasemia yang tidak memerlukan transfusi

  • Dewasa
    • Dosis awal 10 mg/kgBB perhari.
    • Jika kadar Fe >15 mg, maka dosis dapat dinaikkan menjadi 20 mg/kgBB perhari setelah 4 minggu pengobatan.
    • Dosis dapat dinaikan atau diturunkan sebanyak 5-10 mg/kgBB setiap 3-6 bulan sekali bila diperlukan.
    • Dosis maksimal 20 mg/kgBB perhari.
    • Obat dapat dihentikan jika kadar ferritin dalam darah berturut-turut <300 mcg/L.
  • Anak, maksimal dosis perhari 10 mg/kgBB.

 

Keamanan

Penggunaan obat dalam kehamilan masuk kategori C. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan pada hewan uji coba, obat ini menunjukkan dampak buruk terhadap janin, sedangkan pada manusia belum ada penelitian lebih lanjut. Tidak diketahui bila obat ini dapat masuk ke dalam ASI, sehingga jika sedang menyusui tidak direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan obat ini.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Interaksi dengan obat lambung antasida dapat menurunkan efektivitas dari deferasirox.
  • Kadar deferasirox dapat menurun jika diminum bersama obat:
    • Pengikat asam empedu dan penurun kadar kolesterol (kolestiramin)
    • Anti kejang (karbamazepin, fenitoin)
    • Anti tuberkulosis (rifampisin)
  • Meningkatkan kadar berbagai obat dalam darah seperti obat:
    • Diabetes (repaglinide)
    • Anti kanker (paclitaxel)
    • Obat asma (teofilin)
    • Antidepresan (duloxetin)
  • Menurunkan efektivitas obat bila deferasirox digunakan bersama obat:
    • Simvastatin (penurun kadar kolesterol)
    • Pil KB
    • Obat imunosupresan tertentu untuk mencegah penolakan organ pasca menjalani transplantasi organ (ciclosporin)

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:32

Deferasirox – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/deferasirox?mtype=generic

Exjade Side Effects Center – Rxlist. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.rxlist.com/exjade-side-effects-drug-center.htm

Deferasirox 360 mg tablet iron chelating agents -Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-94592-1694/deferasirox-oral/deferasirox-oral/details

Deferasirox – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a606002.html

Deferasirox (oral route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/deferasirox-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20070776?p=1

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4511 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4772 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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