Daunorubicin

Daunorubicin
Credit: iStockPhoto. Ilustrasi komponen darah pada orang normal dan pasien leukemia.

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Brand/Nama Lain

Merek dagang dari obat ini yang beredar di pasaran adalah:

  • Daunoblastina
  • Daunocin-Npl
  • Daunorubicin-Hcl

 

Cara Kerja

Obat ini bekerja dengan cara berikatan dan membentuk suatu komplek ikatan dengan DNA sel kanker. Sehingga menggaggu pembentukan asam nukleat (inti sel kanker) dan menyebabkan sel kanker mengalami kematian. Kondisi ini menghambat pertumbuhan dan perbanyakan sel kanker. Selain itu, obat ini juga memiliki kemampuan menekan sistem daya tahan tubuh dan bersifat sebagai antibakteri.

 

Indikasi

Obat digunakan pada pasien yang mengalami leukemia akut dan pada Sarkoma Kaposi yang berkaitan dengan HIV/AIDS.

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat beberapa kondisi medis dan kelompok tertentu yang tidak dapat menggunakan obat ini yaitu:

  • Mengalami gagal jantung
  • Ibu hamil
  • Ibu menyusui

Special Precaution

Pemberian Daunorubicin pada anak dan lansia harus disertai pemeriksaan hitung jenis darah dan EKG secara rutin. 

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini yaitu:

  • Mual dan muntah
  • Diare
  • Sariawan
  • Nyeri pada mulut dan tenggorokan
  • Mengalami rambut rontok
  • Nyeri perut
  • Urin berwarna merah

Sedangkan efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini yaitu terjadi gangguan pada sumsum tulang belakang, kematian jaringan jantung dan gagal jantung.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk injeksi suntik 20 mg.

Dosis

Dosis daunorubicin bervariasi sesuai dengan usia pasien seperti di bawah ini:

  • Dewasa, dosis obat 30-45 mg/m2 Dosis ini diberikan secara infus selama 3 hari berturut-turut pada siklus pengobatan pertama. Kemudian pada siklus selanjutnya diberikan selama 2 hari. Dosis maksimal obat ini adalah 550 mg/m2 pada pasien yang tidak berisiko mengalami kerusakan pada jantung. Sedangkan pada pasien yang berisiko dosis maksimal adalah 400 mg/m2.
  • Anak, dosis obat 25 mg/m2 yang diberikan setiap 1 minggu sekali. Pengobatan dikombinasikan dengan obat lain. Pada pasien anak kurang dari 2 tahun dosis obat 1 mg/kgBB perminggu sekali. Dosis maksimal obat adalah 300 mg/m2 . Sedangkan pada anak < 2 tahun dosis maksimal adalah 10 mg/kgBB.

 

Keamanan

Pada kehamilan, obat ini masuk kategori D. Bahwa obat ini secara penelitian baik pada hewan uji coba ataupun pada manusia menimbulkan efek buruk terhadap janin. Belum diketahui obat ini dapat masuk ke dalam ASI atau tidak. Namun karena efek buruk yang dapat ditimbulkan pada bayi. Maka obat ini tidak direkomendasikan diberikan pada ibu hamil dan menyusui.

 

Interaksi obat

  • Penggunaan bersama obat kemoterapi (cyclophospamide) dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadi kerusakan pada jantung.
  • Interaksi dengan obat antikanker (metrotreksat) menimbulkan risiko kejadian kerusakan organ hati meningkat.
  • Penggunaan dengan vaksin hidup tidak direkomendasikan.
  • Dapat meningkatkan efek samping pengobatan radiasi jika digunakan bersama pengobatan radiasi.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:15

Daunorubicin – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/daunorubicin?mtype=generic

Daunorubisin – Badan POM RI. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/daunorubisin

Daunorubicin – MedlinePlus. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682289.html

Daunorubicin HCL Vial -Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5021/daunorubicin-intravenous/details

Daunorubicin (Injection Route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/daunorubicin-intravenous-route/side-effects/drg-20063348

Cerubidine Side Effects Center – Rxlist. (2022). Retrieved 16 July 2022, from https://www.rxlist.com/cerubidine-side-effects-drug-center.htm#overview

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4693 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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