Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin
Contoh tablet antibiotik clarithromycin 250 mg.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Clavics, Biclorid, Orixal, Clarolid, Comtro, Hecobac, Comtro.

 

Cara Kerja

Clarithromycin termasuk dalam kelas obat yang disebut antibiotik golongan makrolida. Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat pembentukan protein di dalam sel bakteri, sehingga menghentikan pertumbuhan bakteri.

 

Indikasi

Antibiotik clarithromycin ini biasanya diberikan untuk mengatasi kondisi berikut, yaitu:

  • Infeksi saluran pernapasan dan kulit
  • Infeksi Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
    • Infeksi ini biasanya terjadi pada pasien dengan penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh (contohnya pasien HIV/AIDS dan pasien kanker)
    • Infeksi ini dapat mengenai paru-paru, usus, sumsum tulang, hati, dan limpa
  • Membunuh bakteri H. pylori yang menyebabkan tukak lambung

 

Kontraindikasi

Antibiotik ini tidak boleh diberikan pada orang-orang yang memiliki kondisi berikut:

  • Riwayat alergi clarithromycin atau antibiotik makrolida lainnya
  • Riwayat penyakit cholestatic jaundice (penyakit kuning yang disebabkan gangguan pada aliran empedu) atau gangguan fungsi hati yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan clarithromycin sebelumnya
  • Hipokalemia (rendahnya kadar kalium dalam darah)
  • Riwayat gangguan irama jantung
  • Gagal hati berat disertai dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal
  • Penggunaan bersamaan dengan obat-obat berikut, yaitu:
    • Alkaloid ergot (obat untuk mengobati beberapa jenis sakit kepala, misalnya ergotamine)
    • Midazolam (obat penenang yang digunakan sebelum operasi)
    • Cisapride (obat GERD)
    • Domperidone (obat mual-muntah)
    • Ticagrelor (obat pengencer darah)
    • Simvastatin (obat penurun kolesterol)

 

Efek Samping

  • Diare
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Sakit kepala
  • Perubahan rasa dapat terjadi

Beri tahu dokter Anda segera jika Anda memiliki efek samping yang serius, termasuk:

  • Gangguan pendengaran
  • Perubahan mental/suasana hati
  • Kelemahan otot
  • Masalah mata (seperti kelopak mata terkulai, penglihatan kabur)
  • Kesulitan berbicara
  • Mual/muntah terus-menerus
  • Perut yang nyeri berat
  • Urine gelap
  • Mata atau kulit menguning

Obat ini mungkin dapat menyebabkan gangguan usus yang parah karena bakteri yang disebut difficile. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi selama pengobatan atau berminggu-minggu hingga berbulan-bulan setelah pengobatan dihentikan. Beri tahu dokter Anda segera jika Anda mengalami:

  • Diare terus-menerus
  • Sakit/kram perut
  • Terdapat darah/lendir pada tinja Anda

Penggunaan obat ini dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat menyebabkan infeksi jamur. Dapatkan bantuan medis segera jika Anda mengalami efek samping yang sangat serius.

 

Sediaan

Clarithromycin tersedia dalam bentuk kaplet dan tablet 250 mg, 500 mg, serta sirup kering.

 

Dosis

Infeksi saluran pernapasan dan kulit

  • Dewasa: 250 mg 2 kali sehari, dapat ditingkatkan menjadi 500 mg untuk infeksi berat. Durasi pengobatan: 7-14 hari.
  • Anak-anak usia <12 tahun: 7,5 mg/kg 2 kali sehari, maksimal 500 mg dua kali sehari. Durasi pengobatan: 5-10 hari, tergantung pada penyebab dan keparahan infeksi. Usia >12 tahun sama seperti dosis dewasa.

Infeksi MAC

  • Dewasa: 500 mg setiap 12 jam, terapi dapat dilanjutkan jika respon klinis baik.
  • Anak-anak: 7,5 mg/kg setiap 12 jam, dosis maksimal hingga 500 mg setiap 12 jam.

Tukak lambung yang disebabkan oleh H. pylori

  • Dewasa: diberikan kombinasi dengan antibiotik lain (misalnya metronidazol, amoksisilin) ​​dan PPI (misalnya omeprazole, lansoprazole): 500 mg 2 kali sehari selama 7-14 hari.

 

Keamanan

Clarithromycin dapat menyebabkan suatu kondisi gangguan irama jantung (pemanjangan gelombang QT). Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan detak jantung cepat/tidak teratur yang serius dan gejala lain (seperti pusing parah, pingsan) yang memerlukan bantuan medis segera. Pasien lansia juga membutuhkan pengawasan lebih ketat selama menggunakan obat ini karena lebih sensitif terhadap efek samping obat ini, terutama gangguan pendengaran dan pemanjangan gelombang QT.

Selama kehamilan, obat ini harus digunakan hanya jika benar-benar dibutuhkan. Selain itu, obat ini dikeluarkan melalui ASI. Konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda sebelum menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Berpotensi fatal karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan irama jantung yang serius bila digunakan bersamaan dengan obat-obatan berikut:
    • Obat GERD (cisapride)
    • Obat mual-muntah (domperidone)
  • Peningkatan risiko terjadinya keracunan akut jika diberikan dengan:
    • Obat untuk mengobati beberapa jenis sakit kepala (ergotamine atau dihydroergotamine)
    • Obat untuk mengobati nyeri pada gout (colchicine)
  • Peningkatan risiko miopati dan rhabdomyolisis jika diberikan dengan lovastatin atau simvastatin (obat penurun kolesterol).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 25 Mei 2022 | 09:27

BPOM RI. Clarithromycin. cekbpom.pom.go.id. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://cekbpom.pom.go.id//home/produk/69bhknndt7v4km8sdutf8ashf5/all/row/10/page/1/order/4/DESC/search/5/Clarithromycin

MIMS Indonesia. Clarithromycin. Mims.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/clarithromycin?mtype=generic

Web MD. Clarithromycin - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Webmd.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5030-7015/clarithromycin-oral/clarithromycin-oral/details

Medlineplus. Clarithromycin. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a692005.html

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  • warninglog[20:20:56] LOG.warning: str_contains(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is d...
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6940 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6940
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7612 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7612
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3815 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3815
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9613 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9613
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 646 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 646
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7777 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7777
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5293 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5293
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5211 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5211
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5206 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5206
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.18msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5325 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5325
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4779 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4779
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4875 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4875
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.02msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new660μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new790μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    209Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
    1Healthpedia.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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