Allopurinol

Allopurinol

Bagikan :


Brand/nama lain

Algut, Alluric, Alodan, Alofar, Anuric, Decasurik, Erlapur, Favolar, Goutika, Goutric, Hymoric, Kolton, Licoric, Linogra, Lopuric, Loric, Mediuric, Mediuric Forte, Merzaluric, Nilapur, Ponuric, Pritanol, Puresco, Purinic, Reucid, Rinolic, Selespurin, Sinoric, Urica, Uricnol, Villurol, Xanturic, Zyloric.

 

Cara Kerja

Allopurinol merupakan obat yang biasa dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan kadar asam urat yang tinggi (hiperurisemia). Allopurinol bekerja dengan cara menghambat enzim xantin oxidase yang berperan dalam pembentukan asam urat di dalam tubuh. Penghambatan enzim ini dapat menurunkan produksi asam urat sehingga kadar asam urat di tubuh dapat terkendali dengan baik.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan pada kondisi medis dengan kadar asam urat yang berlebihan di dalam darah (hiperurisemia) seperti:

  • Batu kalsium oksalat berulang pada saluran kencing
  • Gout arthritis (radang sendi akibat penumpukan asam urat)
  • Peningkatan kadar asam urat akibat pengobatan kanker atau pola makan
  • Gangguan enzim yang menyebabkan peningkatan produksi asam urat

 

Kontraindikasi

Allopurinol tidak boleh digunakan pada orang-orang yang memiliki riwayat hipersensitivitas atau alergi terhadap allopurinol. Selain itu, pada orang yang memiliki variasi pasangan (alel) gen HLA-B*58:01 dapat meningkatkan risiko munculnya reaksi berat dari konsumsi allopurinol, sehingga pada orang yang positif alel gen tersebut, tidak disarankan untuk memakai obat ini.

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping umumnya jarang terjadi. Meskipun demikian, ada beberapa efek samping yang mungkin terjadi, misalnya kelainan darah seperti:

  • Leukopenia (penurunan kadar sel darah putih tubuh)
  • Trombositopenia (penurunan kadar trombosit tumbuh)
  • Gejala pencernaan seperti mual, muntah, diare, atau sakit perut
  • Demam
  • Gatal-gatal
  • Bercak merah di kulit
  • Kelainan mengancam jiwa misalnya sindrom steven johnson (reaksi alergi berat yang ditandai dengan kelainan kulit)

 

Sediaan

Beberapa sediaan allopurinol yang dapat ditemukan hingga saat ini adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Kaptab 100 mg
  • Tablet 100 mg
  • Tablet 300 mg

 

Dosis

Tujuan: untuk mengobati hiperurisemia dan gout

Dosis dewasa:

  • 100 mg, sekali sehari sebagai dosis awalnya kemudian dapat ditingkatkan dosisnya per 100 mg setiap 2 – 4 minggu dengan dosis maksimal 900 mg per harinya.

Dosis anak< 15 tahun:

  • 10 – 20 mg/kgBB (dosis maksimal hariannya sebesar 400 mg).

 

Tujuan: untuk mengobati batu kalsium oksalat berulang

Dosis dewasa: 200 – 300 mg sekali sehari sebagai dosis tunggal atau dosis terbagi.

 

Keamanan

Kehamilan:

Termasuk FDA kategori C (terdapat penelitian pada hewan uji coba yang menunjukkan adanya efek samping pada janin namun tidak ada penelitian terkontrol baik dan memadai pada manusia) sehingga potensi manfaat dan risiko obat perlu dipertimbangkan dan digunakan dengan hati-hati pada ibu hamil.

 

Interaksi Obat

Obat-obatan penurun darah tinggi golongan ACE-inhibitor (kaptopril)

Penggunaan obat allopurinol bersamaan dengan kaptopril dapat meningkatkan risiko kejadian efek samping dari allopurinol yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikonsultasikan lebih lanjut apabila ada penggunaan obat yang bersamaan dengan allopurinol.

 

Writer : dr Apri Haryono Hafid
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 07:58

Pionas BPOM. Alopurinol. Retrieved 7 March 2022, from: https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/alopurinol

Medscape. Allopurinol. Retrieved 7 March 2022, from: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/zyloprim-aloprim-allopurinol-342811

Mims Indonesia. Allopurinol. Retrieved 7 March 2022, from: https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/allopurinol?mtype=generic

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  • errorlog[23:00:23] LOG.error: Error accessing doctor id: 63983202e088e5e18c0511d7 { "exception": "Undefi...
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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