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  • Bukan Hanya Untuk Covid-19, Inilah Manfaat dan Kegunaan Tes D-Dimer

Bukan Hanya Untuk Covid-19, Inilah Manfaat dan Kegunaan Tes D-Dimer

Bukan Hanya Untuk Covid-19, Inilah Manfaat dan Kegunaan Tes D-Dimer

Bagikan :


Tes D-dimer adalah tes darah sederhana yang digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya kemungkinan pembekuan darah. Jika Anda memiliki tingkat D-dimer yang tinggi, maka Anda akan diminta menjalani tes darah lanjutan atau tes pencitraan untuk menentukan diagnosis.

Sebelumnya mungkin tidak banyak orang tahu istilah tes D-dimer, namun sejak Covid-19 menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia, tes D-dimer menjadi salah satu tes yang dibutuhkan khususnya bagi mereka yang terinfeksi Covid-19 dengan gejala sedang hingga berat.

Kadar D-dimer digunakan untuk mendeteksi trombosis, di mana penelitian melaporkan bahwa ada peningkatan konsentrasi D-dimer dan fibrinogen pada tahap awal penyakit Covid-19. Peningkatan kadar D-dimer hingga 3-4 kali lipat, dikaitkan dengan kondisi yang memburuk. Selain itu, penyakit penyerta seperti diabetes, kanker, stroke dan kehamilan juga memicu peningkatan D-dimer pada pasien Covid-19.

Sebenarnya apa itu tes D-dimer?

Tes D-dimer secara teknis mengukur D-dimer, fragmen protein yang dibuat oleh tubuh ketika gumpalan darah larut dalam tubuh Anda. D-dimer biasanya tidak terdeteksi atau hanya terdeteksi pada tingkat yang sangat rendah kecuali jika tubuh membentuk dan memecah gumpalan darah yang signifikan.

Ketika hasil tes D-dimer positif atau meningkat, maka hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Anda memiliki kondisi pembekuan darah. Untuk mengungkapkan jenis kondisi pembekuan darah, dibutuhkan tes darah lain lebih lanjut.

Manfaat dan kegunaan tes D-dimer

Untuk mendeteksi trombosis vena dalam (DVT)

Trombosis vena dalam adalah suatu kondisi yang terjadi ketika gumpalan darah terbentuk di pembuluh vena jauh di dalam bagian tubuh. Kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi pembuluh darah besar di kaki bagian bawah dan paha, namun juga dapat terjadi di bagian tubuh lain seperti lengan dan panggul.

Untuk mendeteksi emboli paru (PE)

Emboli paru adalah penyumbatan di salah satu pembuluh arteri pulmonalis di paru-paru Anda, yang kebanyakan disebabkan oleh gumpalan darah yang mengalir ke paru-paru dari pembuluh vena dalam di kaki atau dari pembuluh vena di bagian lain dari tubuh (DVT).

Untuk mendeteksi koagulasi intravaskular diseminata (DIC)

DIC dapat menyebabkan pembentukan gumpalan darah yang terlalu banyak di dalam tubuh, akibatnya terjadi kerusakan organ dan komplikasi serius lainnya. Selain untuk mendiagnosis DIC, tes D-dimer juga digunakan untuk memantau efektivitas pengobatan DIC.

Untuk mendeteksi stroke

Stroke dapat terjadi ketika suplai darah ke bagian otak terganggu atau berkurang, sehingga menyebabkan jaringan otak kekurangan oksigen dan nutrisi. Tanpa pertolongan segera, sel-sel otak akan mulai mati dalam hitungan menit.

Tidak semua hasil positif tes D-dimer menunjukkan adanya pembekuan darah, diperlukan tes lain untuk memastikan diagnosisnya. Namun tes D-dimer biasanya juga digunakan untuk mendeteksi risiko penggumpalan darah seperti pada kondisi berikut:

  • Sindrom antifosfolipid, penyakit pada sistem kekebalan tubuh
  • Penyakit pembekuan yang dialami sejak lahir (bawaan)
  • Operasi besar, seperti penggantian lutut
  • Cedera besar, seperti patah kaki
  • Duduk atau berbaring dalam waktu lama, seperti perawatan di rumah sakit
  • Setelah persalinan
  • Pada jenis kanker tertentu

Tes D-dimer bukanlah tes yang membutuhkan persiapan tertentu. Tes ini biasanya dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel darah dari pembuluh darah vena di lengan menggunakan jarum kecil, yang kemudian akan diperiksa di laboratorium.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 21:05

Cleveland Clinic (2021). D-Dimer Test. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22045-d-dimer-test

Mehrdad Rostami, Hassan Mansouritorghabeh (2020). D-dimer level in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32997543/

Medline Plus (2021). D-Dimer Test. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/d-dimer-test

WebMD (2020). What Is the D-Dimer Test?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/dvt/what-is-the-d-dimer-test

Mount Sinai. Deep vein thrombosis. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis

Mayo Clinic Staff (2020). Pulmonary embolism. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pulmonary-embolism/symptoms-causes/syc-20354647

Mayo Clinic (2022). Stroke. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20350113

Pedoman Tata Laksana Covid-19 Edisi 4 (2022)

 

 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1883 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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