Pentingnya Mendapatkan Pemeriksaan HIV Sebelum Menikah

Pentingnya Mendapatkan Pemeriksaan HIV Sebelum Menikah
Credits: Freepik

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Pemeriksaan pranikah atau premarital screening adalah serangkaian tes kesehatan yang harus dilakukan terutama bagi para pasangan sebelum menikah. Di beberapa negara bahkan tes pranikah ini menjadi persyaratan yang wajib dilakukan sebelum pernikahan.  

Walaupun di Indonesia tes pranikah ini belum wajib dilakukan, namun tidak sedikit orang yang menjalani tes ini untuk mengetahui riwayat kesehatan dan kemungkinan menjadi pembawa atau carrier dari penyakit tertentu. Tes pranikah yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan genetik, infeksi dan penyakit menular termasuk HIV. 

 

Manfaat Mendapatkan Tes HIV Sebelum Menikah

Secara umum, tes HIV atau skrining HIV yang dilakukan sebelum menikah digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah Anda atau calon pasangan telah terinfeksi HIV. HIV adalah virus yang menghancurkan sel kekebalan tertentu. Semakin banyak sel kekebalan tubuh yang hancur akibat HIV, tubuh akan semakin sulit melawan infeksi dan penyakit lainnya.

Gejala HIV pada awalnya sangat mirip dengan gejala flu, sehingga banyak orang tidak menyadarinya. Inilah alasan utama tes HIV perlu dilakukan sebelum menikah, untuk membuat individu mengetahui status HIV mereka apakah positif atau negatif, terutama pada orang-orang berisiko tinggi. 

HIV juga bisa ditularkan oleh ibu selama kehamilan, persalinan, maupun saat menyusu. Risiko ini bisa ditekan apabila sebelum menikah, Anda menjalani skrining HIV terlebih dahulu.

Individu yang terinfeksi akan diberikan edukasi mengenai penyakit mereka, konseling dan pengobatan untuk menjamin kesehatan mereka walaupun sudah terinfeksi HIV. Pengobatan antiretroviral dapat membantu mengendalikan kadar virus yang ada dalam tubuh. Pada ibu hamil dengan HIV, pengobatan rutin dapat membantu menurunkan risiko penularan HIV pada janin atau bayinya. 

Baca Juga: Tes untuk Mengetahui Kesuburan Wanita, Apa Saja?

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan HIV Sebelum Menikah

Ada beberapa jenis pemeriksaan HIV, yaitu dengan memeriksa antigen, antibodi, atau asam nukleat virus. Pemeriksaan HIV bisa dilakukan dengan beberapa cara seperti berikut:

  • Mengambil sampel darah dari pembuluh vena di lengan. Proses pengambilan darah hanya memakan waktu beberapa menit. Anda mungkin hanya akan merasakan sengatan kecil di lengan dan memar pada bekas suntikan.
  • Mengambil sampel darah dari jari juga bisa dilakukan oleh petugas medis dengan menggunakan alat khusus (lancet).  
  • Selain melalui pemeriksaan darah, pengambilan sampel air liur juga bisa dilakukan untuk mendeteksi virus HIV di dalam tubuh. 

Sampel darah dan air liur kemudian akan diperiksa di laboratorium untuk mengetahui status infeksi HIV pada seseorang.

Baca Juga: Gejala HIV Yang Biasanya Dialami Wanita

 

Memahami Hasil Tes HIV

Negatif

Hasil tes HIV negatif berarti tidak ditemukan tanda infeksi HIV pada sampel cairan. Ada window period, atau waktu antara paparan virus dengan waktu ketika pemeriksaan bisa mendeteksi HIV dalam tubuh. Umumnya hal ini akan diinformasikan lagi oleh tenaga kesehatan, terutama bila Anda adalah kelompok berisiko tinggi.

Pemeriksaan antibodi umumnya mendeteksi HIV sekitar 23-90 hari pasca paparan virus. Pada pemeriksaan antigen/antibodi yang menggunakan sampel darah pembuluh vena, HIV bisa dideteksi sekitar 18-45 hari pasca paparan.

Namun bila Anda berisiko tinggi dan mendapat hasil negatif sementara Anda merasa terpapar virus HIV dalam waktu kurang dari 90 hari, Anda disarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan ulang.

 

Positif

Hasil tes positif HIV berarti Anda terinfeksi HIV dan sangat penting bagi Anda untuk segera mendapatkan pengobatan atau terapi antiretroviral (ART). Pengobatan antiretroviral tidak dapat menyembuhkan HIV, namun dapat menurunkan jumlah virus di dalam darah hingga tidak terdeteksi oleh tes. Artinya, kemungkinan virus untuk ditularkan pada orang lain sangat kecil.

 

Dengan demikian, tidak perlu khawatir apabila hasil tes pranikah Anda menunjukkan hasil positif HIV. Diskusikan dengan pasangan dan dapatkan pemeriksaan lanjutan bersama dokter agar Anda dan pasangan sama-sama mendapatkan pengobatan lebih dini, demi anak dan keturunan Anda nantinya. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 09:35

Medline Plus (2022). HIV Screening Test. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hiv-screening-test/.

My Health. Pre Marital HIV Screening Programme. Available from: http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/pre-marital-hiv-screening-programme/.

CDC (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/test-types.html. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/test-types.html.

Promkes Kemkes (2018). Pentingnya Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Pra Nikah. Available from: https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/pentingnya-pemeriksaan-kesehatan-pra-nikah.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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