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  • Metode Cold Turkey untuk Menghentikan Kecanduan, Benarkah Efektif?

Metode Cold Turkey untuk Menghentikan Kecanduan, Benarkah Efektif?

Metode Cold Turkey untuk Menghentikan Kecanduan, Benarkah Efektif?

Bagikan :


Metode cold turkey telah lama dikenal sebagai salah satu metode untuk menghentikan kecanduan rokok, alkohol hingga obat-obatan terlarang. Banyak orang memilih metode cold turkey dengan harapan dapat lebih cepat terlepas dari ketergantungan. Namun, benarkan metode ini efektif untuk melepaskan diri dari ketergantungan? 

 

Apa itu metode cold turkey?

Dilansir dari Healthline, metode cold turkey adalah metode berhenti dari kecanduan dengan cara menghentikan seluruh asupan baik nikotin, alkohol maupun obat-obatan terlarang dalam bentuk apa pun secara langsung. Dengan kata lain, pecandu akan berhenti merokok, minum atau menggunakan obat-obatan terlarang saat itu juga dan secara total, bukan berhenti secara berangsur-angsur.

Istilah cold turkey berasal dari perasaan merinding yang kadang dirasakan pecandu pada hari-hari setelah mereka behenti yang terlihat seperti kalkun (turkey) dingin dalam lemari pendingin.

Beberapa orang merasa metode cold turkey merupakan metode yang paling aman dan cepat untuk menghentikan kecanduan. Alasan lainnya, semakin cepat mereka berhenti dari zat yang menyebabkan kecanduan, maka asupan zat berbahaya yang masuk ke dalam tubuh juga semakin sedikit.

Meskipun demikian, para ahli berpendapat hal ini tidak bisa diterapkan pada semua orang, terutama bagi mereka yang sudah mengalami kecanduan hebat. Menghentikan kecanduan terlalu cepat dapat menyebabkan perubahan fisik dan emosional serta timbulnya keinginan untuk mulai kecanduan lagi. 

 

Yang terjadi pada tubuh saat menjalani cold turkey

Sekilas, berhenti menggunakan zat berbahaya secara mendadak memang tampak efektif untuk menghentikan kecanduan. Namun bagi sebagian orang, cara ini dapat menyebabkan kondisi medis yang serius termasuk kejang dan ritme jantung tidak beraturan. Beberapa gejala ini dapat muncul ringan, namun pada beberapa kasus juga bisa membahayakan nyawa.

Kondisi ini umum dikenal dengan istilah sakau atau putus obat. Dilansir dari Medical News Today, beberapa gejala yang kerap dirasakan tubuh dalam metode cold turkey di antaranya:

  • Mual, muntah, tidak nafsu makan
  • Badan gemetar
  • Mudah marah
  • Merasa sedih, emosi tidak stabil
  • Sakit kepala, susah konsentrasi
  • Susah tidur
  • Ingin mengasingkan diri
  • Halusinasi

Gejala sakau yang muncul pada setiap pecandu berbeda-beda, tergantung dari berbagai faktor seperti jangka waktu penggunaan zat adiktif, dosis dan jenis obat yang digunakan, riwayat keluarga dan genetik, serta faktor kesehatan fisik dan mental.

Risiko lain yang perlu dipahami dari metode cold turkey terutama bagi pengguna narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang adalah kemampuan toleransi tubuh terhadap zat berbahaya tersebut akan menurun. Apabila pecandu kembali menggunakan obat-obatan tersebut, maka ia memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami overdosis.

 

Apakah metode cold turkey efektif?

Metode cold turkey merupakan salah satu metode yang masih banyak digunakan di berbagai pusat rehabilitasi, termasuk di Indonesia. Metode ini dianggap efektif bagi para pecandu tahap awal yang masih relatif mudah untuk dihentikan tingkat kecanduannya.

Namun jika pecandu sudah lama menggunakan zat adiktif tersebut, maka tidak dianjurkan untuk menjalani metode ini secara mandiri. Dilansir dari Verywell Mind, para pecandu alkohol, benzodiazepin, opiat dan narkotika lainnya sebaiknya berhenti menggunakan zat tersebut di bawah pengawasan agar dokter dapat memberi obat-obatan yang membantu mengurangi efek sakau.

Selain itu, perawat juga dapat membantu memberikan nutrisi, hidrasi dan obat-obatan lainnya melalui infus jika pecandu mengalami mual, muntah yang signifikan selama proses detoksifikasi.

Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa metode cold turkey merupakan metode yang efektif untuk menghentikan kecanduan rokok dan alkohol daripada berhenti secara bertahap. Umumnya setelah metode cold turkey selesai, pecandu akan dilanjutkan dengan terapi lainnya sesuai kebutuhan. 

Untuk dapat berhenti dari kecanduan, seseorang bukan hanya membutuhkan motivasi dan keinginan yang kuat namun juga dukungan dari orang-orang di sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, apabila ada orang terdekat ingin berhenti dari kecanduan, berikan dorongan dan dukungan penuh untuk menjalani terapi rehabilitasi yang tersedia di rumah sakit dan klinik rehabilitasi.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:49

Santos-Longhurst, A. 2021. How to Quit Smoking Cold Turkey?.  Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/quit-smoking-cold-turkey

Hartney, E. The Risk of Quitting Cold Turkey. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-the-risks-of-quitting-cold-turkey-21813

Watson, S. 2020. Is It Safe to Quit Substances Cold Turkey? Here’s What to Consider. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/opioid-withdrawal/quitting-cold-turkey#physical-and-emotional-changes

Peckham, A. 2021. The Risks And Benefits of Quitting ‘Cold Turkey’. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/is-it-bad-to-quit-cold-turkey

Dotinga, R. 2016. ’Cold Turkey’ May Work Best for Quitting Smoking. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/news/20160314/cold-turkey-may-work-best-for-quitting-smoking#

BNN. 2019. Tahap-Tahap Pemulihan Pecandu Narkoba. Available from: https://rehabilitasi.bnn.go.id/public/articles/read/267

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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