Drug-induced Sexual Dysfunction

Drug-induced Sexual Dysfunction
Obat-obatan ada yang menimbulkan efek samping seperti disfungsi seksual.

Bagikan :


Definisi

Druig-induced sexual dysfunction adalah disfungsi seksual akibat konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu. Disfungsi seksual sendiri adalah gangguan yang menyebabkan seseorang atau sepasang pasangan tidak mencapai kepuasan seksualnya.

Fungsi seksual terdiri dari fase hasrat, gairah seksual, dan orgasme. Baik pria dan wanita dapat mengalami gangguan pada salah satu dari fase tersebut.

 

Penyebab

Obat-obatan yang dapat menyebabkan disfungsi seksual adalah:

  • Antidepresan
    • Esitalopram
    • Sertraline
    • Fluoksetin
    • Venlafaksin, dll.
  • Antipsikotik

Contohnya adalah aripiprazole, risperidone, paliperidone, haloperidol. Pria yang mengonsumsi antipsikotik melaporkan adanya disfungsi ereksi, menurunnya kualitas orgasme, ejakulasi terhambat atau retrograde, dan berkurangnya hasrat seksual. Sedangkan pada wanita akan mengalami kesulitan mencapai orgasme, perubahan kualitas orgasme sampai tidak dapat orgasme. Nyeri berhubungan seksual juga terjadi pada wanita.

  • Obat yang bekerja pada sistem saraf
    • Golongan benzodiazepine, contohnya lorazepam, klonazepam, diazepam.
    • Antikejang, gabapentin dan topiramate telah dikaitkan dengan adanya disfungsi orgasme baik pada pria dan wanita, serta penurunan libido pada wanita.
  • Statin dan fibrat, atau obat-obatan yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol.
  • Obat-obatan penurun tekanan darah

Contohnya metoprolol, propranolol, klortalidon, klonidin. Baik hipertensi dan pengobatannya berkaitan dengan disfungsi seksual. 

  • Obat antiandrogen

Contohnya adalah spironolakton. Obat-obatan ini akan menghambat androgen sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan gairah seksual, disfungsi ereksi, gangguan orgasme, dan ginekomastia (pembesaran payudara pada pria).

  • Steroid

Contohnya adalah prednison. Obat yang digunakan untuk meredakan peradangan ini ternyata dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar tetosteron sehingga terjadi penurunan gairah seksual dan disfungsi ereksi.

  • Kontrasepsi

Obat pil kontrasepsi bisa menurunkan testosterone darah. Hal ini dikatakan dapat menurunkan gairah seksual pada wanita. 

  • Terapi kanker.
  • Obat gangguan BAK

Obat untuk menangani gangguan buang air kecil dan pembesaran prostat jinak, contohnya adalah doxazosin atau tamsulosin. Pria dengan pembesaran prostat jinak yang bergejala dan mengalami gejala saluran kemih memiliki peningkatan disfungsi seksual. 

  • Zat terlarang seperti marijuana, alkohol, tembakau.

 

Faktor Risiko

Beberapa faktor dapat meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk mengalami drug-induced sexual dysfunction yaitu:

  • Usia, risiko disfungsi ereksi semakin meningkat seiring pertambahan usia.
  • Pada penderita depresi terdapat masalah psikologis yang seringkali memengaruhi fungsi seksual juga.
  • Menderita satu atau lebih penyakit yang dapat mengganggu fungsi seksual seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, dan lain-lain.

 

Gejala

Gejala disfungsi seksual pada pria meliputi:

  • Kehilangan hasrat atau gairah seksual
  • Tidak dapat mencapai atau mempertahankan ereksi
  • Ereksi yang nyeri dan berkepanjangan (jarang)
  • Ejakulasi dini atau tidak ejakulasi
  • Gangguan dalam orgasme
  • Nyeri saat berhubungan

Gejala disfungsi seksual pada wanita meliputi:

  • Kehilangan hasrat atau gairah seksual
  • Nyeri saat berhubungan seksual akibat penurunan lubrikasi atau vagina kering
  • Gangguan dalam orgasme

Beberapa orang tidak menyadari bahwa obat-obatan yang dikonsumsi menjadi penyebab terjadinya disfungsi seksual, namun beberapa orang juga menyalahkan obat yang dikonsumsi sebagai penyebab terjadinya disfungsi seksual walaupun sebetulnya disebabkan oleh masalah hubungan dengan pasangan atau adanya stressor lain.

 

Diagnosis

Drug-induced sexual dysfunction dapat didiagnosis saat disfungsi seksual terjadi pada orang yang mengkonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu. Namun, terkadang kondisi ini sulit didiagnosa karena disfungsi seksual yang terjadi dapat juga disebabkan oleh adanya penyakit lain ataupun masalah psikologis, seperti skizofrenia dan depresi. 

Oleh karena itu, dokter juga akan menanyakan beberapa pertanyaan mengenai aspek interpersonal dan hubungan pasien bersama pasangan secara mendalam untuk menyingkirkan kemungkinan disfungsi seksual yang disebabkan oleh faktor lain selain obat-obatan.

 

Tata Laksana

Efek samping seksual dari obat-obatan di atas tidak bersifat permanen. Terdapat banyak pilihan berbeda untuk menangani kondisi ini. Namun, jangan menghentikan konsumsi obat-obatan tanpa berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.

Terapi dengan psikologi klinis yang memahami mengenai disfungsi seksual menjadi langkah pertama. Beberapa cara yang dapat dipertimbangkan dokter meliputi:

  • Memberikan waktu bagi tubuh untuk beradaptasi dengan obat ataupun dosis baru
  • Menurunkan dosis obat
  • Mengganti obat dengan obat lain yang memiliki efek samping seksual yang rendah, terutama pada pasien yang sedang konsumsi obat antihipertensi
  • Mengikuti konseling hubungan dan mengatasi masalah psikologis yang ada, terutama pada ODGJ (orang dengan gangguan jiwa)

Pemberian obat-obatan untuk membantu menangani efek samping seksual tersebut sudah menjadi terapi standar untuk pria. Obat ini adalah golongan penghambat fosfodiesterase tipe 5. Obat ini memperbaiki disfungsi ereksi pada sektiar 70% pria dengan hipertensi. Namun, penghambat fosfodiesterase tipe 5 ini tidak boleh diberikan tanpa berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter. 

Pada wanita, sildenafil menunjukan manfaat untuk mengatasi kurangnya lubrikasi dan orgasme terhambat yang disebabkan oleh obat antidepresan tertentu. Selain itu, penggunaan krim estrogen pada wanita dapat membantu mengatasi nyeri saat berhubungan seksual yang disebabkan karena penipisan dinding vagina. Jika seorang wanita yang menggunakan kontrasepsi progestogen suntik mengeluhkan adanya disfungsi seksual, maka dapat dipertimbangkan metode kontrasepsi yang lain.

 

Komplikasi

Seseorang yang mengalami disfungsi seksual akibat obat-obatan cenderung tidak patuh terhadap pengobatan yang sedang dijalankan.

Selain itu, adanya disfungsi seksual akan mempengaruhi kualitas hubungan suatu pasangan.

 

Pencegahan

Yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah disfungsi seksual adalah:

  • Menurunkan berat badan jika kelebihan berat badan
  • Mengurangi konsumsi alkohol
  • Menghentikan konsumsi tembakau, marijuana, dan zat terlarang lainnya
  • Berolahraga
  • Mengurangi stress dan rasa cemas dengan melakukan latihan napas dalam, meditasi dan yoga 

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Jika Anda mengalami gejala disfungsi seksual sehingga mengalami gangguan pada kehidupan seksual Anda, maka sebaiknya Anda berkonsultasi ke dokter. Dokter akan membantu mengevaluasi penyebabnya dan memberikan terapi untuk mengembalikan fungsi seksual Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Tea Karina Sudharso
Editor :
  • dr Vivian Keung
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 21:24

Sexual Dysfunction & Disorders: Treatment, Symptoms & Diagnosis. (2022). Retrieved 27 September 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9121-sexual-dysfunction

Mental Health Medications | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2022). Retrieved 27 September 2022, from https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatment/Mental-Health-Medications/Medication-Induced-Sexual-Dysfunction

Encyclopedia, M., & problems, D. (2022). Drugs that may cause erection problems: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 27 September 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004024.htm

Medications and Sexual Function and Dysfunction. (2022). Retrieved 27 September 2022, from https://focus.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/foc.7.4.foc481

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      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-14 20:11:23
      • 8: 2025-04-14 20:11:23
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2105 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2105
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3243 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3243
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2167 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2167
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3844 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3844
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.1msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\Admin\Healthpedia
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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