Sering Didengar, Apa Sebenarnya Fungsi SGOT dan SGPT?

Sering Didengar, Apa Sebenarnya Fungsi SGOT dan SGPT?
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Sejak munculnya KLB hepatitis akut yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya di Inggris, 15 April 2022, satu per satu negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia mulai melaporkan adanya kasus yang serupa. Gejala hepatitis akut pada anak-anak tersebut disertai tingginya angka SGOT atau SGPT lebih dari 500 U/L.

Anda mungkin pernah mendengar istilah SGOT dan SGPT yang dapat diketahui melalui pemeriksaan darah. Namun, apakah Anda juga sudah tahu apa itu SGOT dan SGPT beserta fungsinya?

 

Enzim Hati dan Fungsinya

Enzim hati adalah protein di dalam hati yang dapat mempercepat reaksi kimia di dalam tubuh. Reaksi kimia ini termasuk memproduksi empedu dan zat yang membantu pembekuan darah (albumin), memecah makanan dan racun serta melawan infeksi.

Ada beberapa jenis enzim yang dikenal di dalam tubuh, di antaranya:

  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - adalah enzim yang ditemukan di hati dan tulang dan penting untuk memecah protein
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT) - adalah enzim yang ditemukan di hati, yang membantu mengubah protein menjadi energi untuk sel-sel hati
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST) - adalah enzim yang membantu metabolisme asam amino
  • Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) - adalah enzim yang terkandung di dalam darah yang dapat mengindikasikan kerusakan hati atau saluran empedu dalam kadar yang tinggi.

Apabila hati Anda mengalami kerusakan atau gangguan fungsi, maka enzim ALT dan AST akan dilepaskan ke dalam aliran darah. Tingginya kadar ALT dan AST dapat diketahui melalui tes darah.

 

Apa itu AST dan ALT?

Enzim Aspartat Aminotranferase (AST) juga dikenal dengan istilah Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), sedangkan Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) juga dikenal sebagai Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT).

AST/SGOT dan ALT/SGPT adalah dua jenis enzim yang biasanya digunakan oleh dokter untuk mencari tahu apakah ada masalah dengan hati Anda. Kedua enzim tersebut dapat membantu mengidentifikasi racun, penyakit atau kerusakan hati.

AST/SGOT adalah enzim yang tidak hanya dapat ditemukan pada jaringan hati, melainkan juga dapat ditemukan pada jaringan otak, pankreas, jantung, ginjal, paru-paru dan otot rangka. Apabila salah satu dari jaringan tersebut rusak, maka SGOT akan dilepaskan ke dalam aliran darah. Karena dapat ditemukan di berbagai jaringan tubuh, peningkatan SGOT tidak selalu berhubungan dengan kerusakan hati, oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan pembanding ALT/SGPT atau enzim lainnya.

ALT/SGPT adalah enzim yang dapat ditemukan terutama di hati. Apabila kadarnya tinggi, maka menunjukkan adanya kerusakan pada hati baik yang ringan maupun parah. Angka SGPT akan meningkat ketika Anda terinfeksi atau memiliki penyakit jangka pendek.

 

Berapa Kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang Normal?

Pada hasil tes darah, biasanya akan dicantumkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT serta rentang referensinya.

Kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang normal pada orang dewasa seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic adalah:

  • SGOT 8-48 U/L
  • SGPT 7-55 U/L

Kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang normal pada anak-anak, seperti dilansir Children's Liver Disease Foundation adalah:

SGOT/SGPT 10-40 IU/l

Apabila kadar SGOT/SGPT lebih tinggi dari rentangan angka tersebut, maka perlu diwaspadai adanya peradangan pada hati.

Anda perlu mendiskusikan dengan dokter apabila hasil tes darah sudah keluar. Untuk memahami hasil tes darah tidak cukup membaca nilai SGOT dan SGPT saja, dokter juga akan melihat enzim lain yang dapat mengindikasikan adanya masalah hati.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:19

Jenna Fletcher and Beth Sissons (2021). AST (SGOT) blood test result ranges, and how to interpret them. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320982

Charles Daniel (2021). Overview of ALT and AST Liver Enzymes. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/liver-enzymes-1759916

Mayo Clinic (2021). Liver function tests. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/liver-function-tests/about/pac-20394595

Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD (2022). Liver Function Tests (Normal, Low, and High Levels & Results). Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/liver_blood_tests/article.htm

drg. Widyawati, MKM (2022). Masyarakat Agar Waspada Setelah 3 Pasien Anak Dengan Hepatitis Akut Meninggal Dunia. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20220501/3939769/masyarakat-agar-waspada-setelah-3-pasien-anak-dengan-hepatitis-akut-meninggal-dunia/

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Elevated Liver Enzymes. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17679-elevated-liver-enzymes

Children's Liver Disease Foundation. Tests and Investigations. Available from: https://childliverdisease.org/liver-information/tests-and-investigations/

 

 

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4359 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1177 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5157
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5148 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5148
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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