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  • Hati-Hati, Toksoplasmosis pada Mata dapat Menyebabkan Kebutaan

Hati-Hati, Toksoplasmosis pada Mata dapat Menyebabkan Kebutaan

Hati-Hati, Toksoplasmosis pada Mata dapat Menyebabkan Kebutaan
Credit: Freepik. Toksoplasmosis pada mata merupakan penyakit yang jarang terjadi.

Bagikan :


Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit. Penyakit ini umumnya memengaruhi saluran pencernaan seperti mulut, kerongkongan, lambung dan usus. Selain itu, penyakit ini juga dapat memengaruhi organ mata. Lantas, berbahayakah toksoplasmosis pada mata?

 

Apa Itu Toksoplasmosis pada Mata?

Toksoplasmosis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit Toxoplasma gondii. Penyakit ini dapat ditularkan oleh ibu hamil ke bayi atau menular melalui kontaminasi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Selain itu, orang yang memiliki sistem kekebalan lemah juga memiliki risiko mengalami toksoplasmosis.

Penyakit ini umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala yang khas. Namun ketika parasit ini aktif kembali, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penglihatan mengabur, nyeri mata dan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan penglihatan.

 

Gejala Toksoplasmisis pada Mata

Toksoplasmosis merupakan masalah penyakit mata yang perlu diwaspadai karena sering kali penyakit ini tidak menunjukkan gejala. Pada penyakit toksoplasmosis kongenital atau bawaan lahir, umumnya baru menunjukkan masalah pada mata ketika seseorang berusia dewasa.

Gejala toksoplasmosis baru muncul ketika parasit aktif dari masa inkubasi satu hingga dua minggu setelah terpapar. Beberapa gejala yang muncul antara lain demam, nyeri sendi, sakit kepala, sakit tenggorokan dan munculnya ruam pada kulit.

Sedangkan pada mata, gejala yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Penglihatan kabur dan tidak jelas
  • Sensitivitas mata terhadap cahaya
  • Muncul floaters atau adanya benda kecil melayang pada mata
  • Robeknya retina mata
  • Mata merah dan nyeri

Pada toksoplasmosis mata kongenital, infeksi parasit ini menyebabkan peradangan pada bagian kecil retina yang biasanya sembuh secara spontan. Namun infeksi ini dapat meninggalkan bekas lula lokal yang mengandung organisme toksoplasma dalam bentuk kista yang tidak aktif.

Toksoplasmosis juga dapat berkembang secara perlahan. Anda mungkin tidak menyadari bahwa Anda memiliki masalah penglihatan namun secara perlahan Anda dapat mengalami kesulitan melihat, mengenali wajah dan kesulitan membaca.

 

Penyebab Toksoplasmosis pada Mata

Toksoplasmosis pada mata dapat terjadi akibat infeksi parasit Toxoplasma gondii. Anda bisa terinfeksi parasit ini melalui makanan, lingkungan dan penularan dari ibu kepada janin yang dikandungnya selama kehamilan.

Penularan dapat terjadi dari makanan yang tidak higienis, menelan kotoran atau tanah yang terkontaminasi, mengonsumsi daging mentah atau setengah matang, juga produk susu. Penularan juga dapat terjadi dari seorang ibu pada bayinya selama kehamilan. Selain itu, pada kasus yang jarang terjadi, infeksi ini juga dapat menular melalui transfusi darah atau transplantasi organ.

 

Penanganan Toksoplasmosis pada Mata

Sebenarnya, toksoplasmosis pada mata merupakan penyakit yang dapat sembuh sendiri. Namun sebagian besar kasus toksoplasmosis pada mata membutuhkan penanganan segera karena dapat menyebabkan penurunan penglihatan akibat kerusakan saraf optik dan peradangan vitreus yang parah.

Beberapa penanganan toksoplasmosis mata antara lain pemberian obat-obatan dan operasi. Obat-obatan yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menghentikan pertumbuhan parasit. Beberapa kombinasi obat yang paling umum digunakan adalah klindamisin dan kortikosteroid, serta primetamin, sulfadiazin dan kortikosteroid.

Pengobatan kombinasi berisiko memungkinkan risiko kerusakan retina lebih kecil dan sering diberikan pada pasien yang memiliki masalah pada area makula (bagian tengah retina). Kombinasi obat-obatan antimikorba lainnya juga dapat diberikan, namun belum cukup data untuk menguji efektivitas obat-obatan tersebut.

 

Toksoplasmosis pada mata merupakan penyakit yang jarang terjadi namun jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan serius. Jika Anda memiliki faktor risiko mengalami toksoplasmosis mata dan mengalami gejala toksoplasmosis sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 02:36

Rare Disease. Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Available from: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7238/ocular-toxoplasmosis/

Moshedi Eye Center. Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Available from: https://www.moshedieyecenter.com/patient-education/ocular-toxoplasmosis-eye-infection-464/?pesource=622

 

American Assocuation for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Available from: https://aapos.org/glossary/toxoplasmosis

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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