Waspada Tanda dan Gejala Chikungunya

Waspada Tanda dan Gejala Chikungunya
Ilustrasi rawat inap. Credit: Freepik

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Infeksi virus chikungunya dapat menyebabkan pengidapnya mengalami nyeri sendi yang parah disertai demam. Kondisi yang sering dikenal dengan istilah awam flu tulang ini disebabkan oleh gigitan nyamuk, mirip dengan penularan dan gejala demam berdarah dengue (DBD). Seperti apa gejala dan penanganan chikungunya? Simak ulasannya dalam artikel berikut.

 

Apa Itu Chikungunya?

Chikungunya adalah penyakit infeksi virus yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk. Masyarakat awam menyebut penyakit ini dengan flu tulang karena gejalanya mirip flu dan diikuti dengan nyeri di persendian. Istilah chikungunya berasal dari bahasa Afrika yang berarti melengkung karena orang yang terinfeksi chikungunya umumnya mengalami pembungkukan akibat nyeri sendi yang dialami.

Infeksi virus chikungunya disebarkan oleh nyamuk yang sama dengan demam berdarah dengue dan penyakit Zika yaitu Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Penyebaran chikungunya terjadi ketika seseorang digigit nyamuk pembawa virus. Perlu diketahui bahwa virus chikungunya tidak dapat menyebar melalui cairan tubuh seperti air liur atau kontak langsung, namun penularan melalui transfusi darah bisa saja terjadi.

Baca Juga: Mirip Demam Berdarah, Ini Bahayanya Chikungunya

 

Tanda dan Gejala Chikungunya

Gejala chikungunya biasanya baru muncul setelah 3-7 hari sejak seseorang mengalami gigitan nyamuk meskipun pada beberapa orang dapat mengalami gejala sejak 2 atau 12 hari setelah gigitan nyamuk.

Gejala paling umum dari chikungunya adalah demam yang diikuti dengan nyeri sendi. Intensitas nyeri dan demam dapat berbeda-beda pada setiap orang. Demam terkadang dapat terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan ringan sehingga banyak orang menganggap penyakit ini adalah flu biasa. Padahal jika tidak ditangani serius, chikungunya dapat menyebabkan seseorang menjalani rawat inap di rumah sakit. 

Selain demam dan gejala sendi, gejala lain yang dapat muncul pada pengidap chikungunya antara lain:

  • Sakit kepala
  • Nyeri otot
  • Pembengkakan di persendian
  • Ruam
  • Kelelahan
  • Mual 

Kebanyakan orang mengalami gejala selama sekitar satu minggu dan kemudian sembuh total namun pada beberapa orang dapat mengalami nyeri sendi kronis setelah sembuh.

Baca Juga: 7 Cara Efektif Mencegah Wabah DB (Demam Berdarah)

 

Penanganan Chikungunya

Berbeda dengan demam berdarah dengue yang saat ini telah ditemukan vaksinnya, hingga saat ini belum terdapat vaksin untuk mencegah keparahan infeksi chikungunya. Penanganan chikungunya fokus pada meredakan gejala yang muncul sehingga pasien akan diberikan penanganan seperti:

  • Minum banyak cairan
  • Memperbanyak istirahat
  • Minum obat pereda nyeri

Bagi pasien yang mengalami nyeri sendi berkelanjutan setelah sembuh, dokter dapat meresepkan obat-obatan untuk penanganan rheumatoid arthritis. Jika mengalami nyeri sendi berkepanjangan setelah chikungunya, maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. 

 

Bisakah Chikungunya Dicegah?

Hingga saat ini penelitian mengenai vaksin chikungunya masih berlangsung. Selama belum ditemukan vaksin chikungunya, cara terbaik untuk pencegahan chikungunya adalah dengan menghindari gigitan nyamuk seperti berikut:

  • Menghilangkan genangan air di sekitar rumah. Bersihkan tempat atau wadah tempat air menggenang karena tempat tersebut merupakan tempat yang digemari nyamuk untuk berkembang biak. 
  • Gunakan pakaian lengan panjang terutama ketika Anda berada di area hutan atau alam bebas yang berisiko mendapat gigitan nyamuk.
  • Gunakan obat nyamuk. Anda bisa menggunakan obat nyamuk semprot, krim atau losion untuk melindungi tubuh dari gigitan nyamuk.
  • Jika memiliki bayi di rumah, sebaiknya tutup tempat tidur bayi dengan kelambu. 
  • Hindari bepergian ke daerah yang sedang terjadi wabah chikungunya. 

Chikungunya dapat menyebabkan penderitanya mengalami nyeri sendi dan demam. Jika Anda mengalami gejala tersebut sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang terdapat di aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 22 April 2024 | 07:54

WHO . Chikungunya. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chikungunya

CDC. (2022). Chikungunya Virus. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/index.html

Cleveland Clinic. Chikungunya. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/25083-chikungunya

Mayo Clinic. What is chikungunya fever, and should I be worried?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/what-is-chikungunya-fever/faq-20109686

Kemenkes. (2022). Chikungunya. Available from: https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1401/chikungunya

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8807 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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