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Screen Time yang Tinggi dapat Memicu Speech Delay pada Anak

Screen Time yang Tinggi dapat Memicu Speech Delay pada Anak
Ilustrasi balita dan gadget. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Anak-anak usia 1 tahun umumnya sudah mampu mengucapkan satu kata pertamanya yang menandai perkembangan bicaranya. Namun pada beberapa kasus, anak-anak dapat mengalami speech delay (keterlambatan bicara) sehingga mereka belum mampu mengucapkan kata sederhana hingga usia 18 bulan atau lebih. Peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa kondisi ini bisa disebabkan oleh paparan gadget sejak usia dini. 

 

Pengaruh Gadget dengan Perkembangan Bicara Anak

Perkembangan teknologi menyebabkan anak-anak usia dini lebih mudah menggunakan gawai. Tak sedikit orang tua memberikan gawai pada anak-anak usia balita sebagai hiburan dan membantu menenangkan mereka yang aktif. Namun kebiasaan ini ternyata dapat memicu keterlambatan bicara pada anak.

Dalam sebuah penelitian yang dipublikasikan di JAMA Network mengungkapkan bahwa anak-anak yang pada usia 1 tahun terbiasa menggunakan gawai lebih dari 4 jam memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami gangguan perkembangan seperti:

  • Gangguan komunikasi
  • Pemecahan masalah
  • Motorok halus
  • Keterampilan pribadi dan sosial

Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian gawai untuk anak sebelum usia 2 tahun memang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan di banyak bidang dan berdampak lebih besar pada keterampilan komunikasi dan pemecahan masalah, dan kondisi ini baru terlihat pada anak-anak ketika menginjak usia 2-4 tahun. 

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Speech Delay (Keterlambatan Bicara) di Usia Balita

 

Tanda-Tanda Speech Delay

Kemampuan bicara pada anak berkembang sejak mereka dilahirkan. Saat berusia 0-6 bulan mereka hanya bisa menangis sebagai alat komunikasi. Memasuki usia 6-12 bulan anak-anak sudah mampu memahami konsep komunikasi sederhana seperti ya dan tidak, juga sudah mulai mengoceh dengan intonasi yang lebih jelas. Di usia 12-18 bulan, anak-anak sudah dapat mengucapkan 3-6 kata utuh dan memahami artinya. 

Pada anak yang mengalami speech delay, anak-anak mungkin akan kesulitan menyampaikan kata-kata untuk berekspresi. Jika speech delay tidak ditangani, hal ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan anak. Karenanya, ketika si kecil tidak merespon suara atau mengoceh sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

Beberapa tanda anak mengalami speech delay yang perlu diwaspadai orang tua, antara lain:

  • Pada usia 12 bulan anak-anak tidak menggunakan isyarat seperti menunjuk atau melambaikan tangan
  • Pada usia 18 bulan anak-anak lebih menyukai gerak tubuh daripada bicara untuk berkomunikasi, kesulitan meniru suara dan mengalami kesulitan memahami permintaan verbal sederhana
  • Pada usia 2 tahun anak-anak hanya dapat meniru ucapan atau tindakan dan tidak menghasilkan kata atau frasa secara spontan
  • Pada usia 2 tahun anak-anak hanya mengucapkan beberapa suara atau kata secara berulang-ulang, tidak dapat mengikuti petunjuk sederhana

Baca Juga: Tips Melatih Balita Agar Cepat Lancar Bicara

 

Penanganan Speech Delay

Penanganan speech delay dapat disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Jika speech delay disebabkan oleh masalah kurangnya stimulasi, Anda bisa meningkatkan stimulasi bahasa pada anak dengan mengajaknya berbicara, bercerita atau mendongeng, dan sering merespon ucapan anak. 

Anda juga dapat membatasi pemberian gawai pada anak sesuai anjuran WHO yaitu tidak memberikan gawai hingga anak berusia 1 tahun. Sementara pada anak usia 2-4 tahun Anda bisa memberikan gawai maksimal 1 jam per hari dengan pengawasan. 

Selain kurangnya stimulasi pada anak, speech delay juga dapat disebabkan oleh kelainan anatomi lidah, atau adanya gangguan saraf dan pendengaran. Jika Anda melihat si kecil menunjukkan gejala speech delay sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat. Dokter dapat merekomendasikan speech therapy atau penanganan lainnya untuk merangsang kemampuan bicara dan berbahasa pada anak. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 13 Maret 2024 | 05:28

Health Care. Screen Time and Speech Delays in Toddlers. Available from: https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2023/11/screen-time-and-speech-delays-toddlers

Karani, N. F., Sher, J., & Mophosho, M. (2022). The influence of screen time on children's language development: A scoping review. The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings69(1), e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v69i1.825

Al Hosani, S.S., Darwish, E.A., Ayanikalath, S. et al. Screen time and speech and language delay in children aged 12–48 months in UAE: a case–control study. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 30, 47 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00318-0

Kids Health. Delayed Speech or Language Development. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/not-talk.html#

Petrangelo, A. (2023). Language and Speech Delays in Toddlers. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/speech-delay-3-year-old-2

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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