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Penyebab dan Tanda-Tanda Endokarditis, Ketika Dinding Dalam Jantung Mengalami Peradangan

Penyebab dan Tanda-Tanda Endokarditis, Ketika Dinding Dalam Jantung Mengalami Peradangan
Credit: Freepik. Endokarditis adalah penyakit infeksi yang membutuhkan perawatan segera.

Bagikan :


Endokarditis adalah salah satu jenis peradangan yang dapat terjadi di jantung. Di bagian dalam jantung terdapat lapisan bernama endokardium yang berfungsi melindungi bagian dalam organ jantung dan membantu kontraksi jantung.

Bagian endokardium dapat mengalami peradangan yang dikenal dengan endokarditis dan dapat menyebabkan kematian jika tidak segera mendapat penanganan.

 

Apa Itu Endokarditis?

Endokarditis atau yang juga dikenal sebagai infective endocarditis adalah peradangan yang terjadi di bagian dalam jantung. Peradangan ini dapat terjadi pada lapisan katup jantung dan terkadang pada lapisan bilik jantung.

Peradangan ini rentan menyerang orang yang memiliki kerusakan katup jantung, usai menjalami operasi jantung atau kelainan jantung lainnya. Jika kelainan ini tidak ditangani dengan tepat, endokarditis dapat menyebabkan kematian dan kerusakan katup jantung.

 

Penyebab Endokarditis

Endokarditis atau infeksi jantung (infective endocarditis) adalah kondisi infeksi yang terjadi ketika bakteri masuk ke dalam aliran darah, bergerak menuju jantung dan menempel pada jaringan jantung yang rusak atau pada katup jantung yang tidak normal.

Penyebab utama peradangan endokarditis adalah ketika bakteri yang menginfeksi jantung tersebut berkembang biak dengan cepat. Meskipun bakteri secara normal dapat tumbuh dalam tubuh kita namun ketika bakteri tersebut memasuki area jantung hal ini dapat menyebabkan infeksi berbahaya.

Pada endokarditis, bakteri tersebut masuk melalui aliran darah menuju ke jantung melalui kondisi kesehatan mulut yang buruk. Dilansir dari Healthline, bakteri tersebut dapat masuk ke jantung melalui mekanisme berikut:

  • Kegiatan menyikat gigi
  • Memiliki penyakit gusi atau masalah kesehatan gusi dan mulut yang buruk
  • Menjalani prosedur perawatan gigi yang melukai gusi
  • Penyakit menular seksual
  • Penggunaan jarum yang terkontaminasi bakteri
  • Infeksi bakteri melalui kateter urine yang menetap atau melalui kateter infus

Selain penyebab di atas, endokarditis juga dapat disebabkan oleh masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti berikut:

  • Penyakit katup jantung
  • Penggunaan katup jantung buatan
  • Penyakit jantung bawaan
  • Riwayat endokarditis sebelumnya
  • Adanya jaringan parut yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan katup jantung yang menyebabkan tumbuhnya bakteri atau kuman

Faktor usia juga dapat memengaruhi terjadinya endokarditis. Bagi Anda yang berusia di atas 60 tahun dapat mengalami risiko lebih tinggi mengalami peradangan dinding dalam jantung. Apabila Anda memiliki faktor risiko seperti yang telah disebutkan, maka sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan untuk meminimalisir risiko.

 

Tanda-Tanda Endokarditis

Gejala dan tanda-tanda endokarditis dapat berbeda-beda pada setiap orang. Endokarditis dapat terjadi sangat cepat atau berkembang sangat lambat. Hal ini tergantung dari keparahan tingkat infeksi bakteri dan apakah ada masalah jantung lainnya yang dialami.

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, tanda-tanda endokarditis antara lain:

  • Sakit sendi dan otot
  • Sakit dada saat bernafas
  • Kelelahan
  • Gejala mirip flu, seperti demam dan menggigil
  • Keringat malam
  • Sesak napas
  • Pembengkakan di kaki, tungkai atau perut
  • Suara bising atau mendesing di jantung (murmur)

Selain beberapa gejala di atas, endokarditis juga dapat menunjukkan gejala tidak umum lainnya seperti:

  • Penurunan berat badan yang terjadi tanpa disadari
  • Adanya darah dalam urine
  • Nyeri tekan di bawah tulang rusuk kiri
  • Bintik-bintik datar berwarna kemerahan, ungu atau coklat tanpa rasa sakit di telapak kaki atau telapak tangan (lesi Janeway)
  • Benjolan merah atau ungu yang menyakitkan atau bercak kulit yang gelap (hiperpigmentasi) di ujung jari tangan atau kaki (nodus Osler)
  • Bintik-bintik bulat kecil berwarna ungu, merah atau coklat pada kulit (petechiae), di bagian putih mata atau di dalam mulut

Endokarditis adalah penyakit infeksi yang membutuhkan perawatan segera. Untuk meminimalisir peradangan, Anda dianjurkan menjaga kebersihan diri termasuk waspada dalam penggunaan jarum suntik serta menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Jika Anda menunjukkan gejala endokarditis dengan riwayat masalah jantung sebelumnya maka sebaiknya lakukan pemeriksaan ke dokter.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 00:26

Kahn, A. (2018). Endocarditis. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/endocarditis

WebMD. (2022). What is Endocarditis?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is-endocarditis

Mayo Clinic. Endocarditis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endocarditis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352576#

NHS. Endocarditis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endocarditis/

Cleveland Clinid. Endocarditis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16957-endocarditis

 

Medline Plus. Endocarditis. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001098.htm

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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