Seperti Apa Penyebab dan Gejala Perimenopause?

Seperti Apa Penyebab dan Gejala Perimenopause?
Perimenopause dan menopause adalah dua hal yang berbeda.

Bagikan :


Perimenopause adalah proses alami yang terjadi karena indung telur (ovarium) mulai berhenti bekerja secara bertahap. Kondisi ini disebut juga sebagai transisi atau masa menjelang menopause, di mana ovarium mulai memproduksi hormon estrogen dalam jumlah yang sedikit sehingga siklus menstruasi jadi tidak menentu dan tidak teratur. Pada saat ini, tubuh Anda sedang bergerak menuju akhir masa reproduksi.

Perimenopause dapat dimulai di pertengahan usia 30 tahun atau selambat-lambatnya pada usia 50-an tahun. Beberapa orang mengalami perimenopause dalam waktu yang singkat, namun ada pula perimenopause yang berlangsung sekitar 2-10 tahun. Pada masa perimenopause, tubuh menjadi kurang subur, pelepasan sel telur menjadi semakin tidak teratur, dan produksi estrogen serta hormon lainnya mulai berkurang.

 

Anda bisa membaca artikel perimenopause di sini: Perimenopause - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Penyebab Perimenopause

Perimenopause dan menopause adalah dua hal yang berbeda. Perimenopause adalah masa transisi yang berakhir dengan menopause, sedangkan menopause sendiri adalah saat di mana wanita sudah tidak mengalami siklus menstruasi selama 12 bulan. 

Bayi perempuan lahir dengan sejumlah sel telur yang akan dimiliki semasa hidupnya. Perimenopause terjadi karena seiring bertambahnya usia, indung telur mulai memproduksi lebih sedikit estrogen sebagai persiapan untuk berhenti melepaskan sel telur sepenuhnya. Pada akhirnya, tubuh akan bersiap masuk ke periode menopause di mana Anda tidak akan bisa hamil lagi. Menopause adalah masa yang menandai akhir dari menstruasi dan merupakan fase normal dari kehidupan wanita.

 

Anda bisa membaca artikel menopause di sini: Menopause - Definisi, Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko.

 

Gejala Perimenopause

Panjang waktu Anda mengalami keluhan akibat perimenopause bisa bervariasi, mulai dari beberapa bulan hingga bertahun-tahun. Ada beberapa gejala, seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut, yang mungkin Anda alami selama masa transisi menopause ini, di antaranya:

Menstruasi yang tidak teratur

Karena ovulasi tidak lagi bisa diprediksi, maka periode menstruasi yang Anda alami bisa lebih pendek atau lebih lama, darah menstruasi bisa menjadi sedikit atau banyak, dan siklus haid bisa menjadi tidak teratur.

Hot flashes dan gangguan tidur

Hot flashes (sensasi hangat di area wajah, leher dan dada) dan keringat di malam hari kerap menyebabkan gangguan tidur. Ada hari-hari di mana Anda bisa tidur dengan mudah, ada kalanya Anda terjaga dan merasa kepanasan.

Perubahan suasana hati

Selama masa perimenopause, perubahan suasana hati dan mudah marah bisa terjadi. Terkadang hal ini dipengaruhi oleh hot flashes dan gangguan tidur, yang menyebabkan Anda kehilangan mood di pagi hari. Semua yang Anda temui tampak seperti salah. Perubahan suasana hati ini bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, tidak hanya karena perubahan hormon saja.

Masalah vagina dan kandung kemih

Saat estrogen dalam tubuh berkurang, maka jaringan vagina akan menjadi semakin kering dan kehilangan elastisitasnya. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan hubungan seksual menjadi menyakitkan dan tidak senyaman dulu.

Selain itu, Anda juga mungkin akan mengalami inkontinensia urine, di mana Anda kehilangan kemampuan untuk mengontrol keluarnya urine di saat-saat tertentu, misalnya tiba-tiba mengompol saat batuk.

Kesuburan yang menurun

Ketika ovulasi tidak teratur, kemampuan untuk hamil pun akan menurun. Apabila Anda menghindari kehamilan terjadi, maka sebaiknya Anda menggunakan alat kontrasepsi sampai tidak mengalami menstruasi selama 12 bulan. Ketika perimenopause, Anda juga akan mengalami penurunan gairah seksual. 

Meningkatnya risiko osteoporosis

Dengan menurunnya kadar estrogen di dalam tubuh, maka proses kehilangan sel-sel tulang terjadi lebih cepat. Tubuh berisiko mengalami osteoporosis, yang dapat menyebabkan tulang rapuh dan kurang padat. Hal ini bisa meningkatkan risiko Anda mengalami patah tulang.

Perubahan kadar kolesterol

Penurunan kadar estrogen dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol "jahat" yaitu kolesterol LDL (lipoprotein densitas rendah), dan penurunan kadar kolesterol "baik" atau kolesterol HDL (lipoprotein densitas tinggi). Hal ini berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko penyakit jantung. Risiko ini dapat diturunkan apabila Anda melakukan kontrol nutrisi yang seimbang dan berolahraga.

 

Tidak ada pengobatan yang dapat membantu mengatasi perimenopause, karena sejatinya masa transisi ini adalah hal yang alami dan normal dalam masa hidup wanita. Dokter biasanya akan merekomendasikan beberapa obat untuk membantu mengatasi gejala yang timbul, seperti obat antidepresan, pil KB, atau terapi hormon.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 11:08

Mayo Clinic (2021). Perimenopause. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/perimenopause/symptoms-causes/syc-20354666.

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Perimenopause. Avaiable from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21608-perimenopause.

John Hopkins Medicine. Perimenopause. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/perimenopause.

WebMD (2020). Perimenopause. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/menopause/guide/guide-perimenopause.

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 660 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 660
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new710μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9927 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9927
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6031 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6031
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5884
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2943
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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