Penyebab dan Gejala Fistula Ani (Anal Fistula)

Penyebab dan Gejala Fistula Ani (Anal Fistula)
Ilustrasi nyeri pada bokong. Credits: Freepik.

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Fistula ani atau anal fistula adalah kondisi medis terbentuknya suatu saluran tidak normal yang menghubungkan bagian dalam anus dengan kulit di sekitar anus. Suatu saluran juga bisa terbentuk dari bagian dalam anus ke organ lain, seperti vagina atau saluran kemih. Biasanya kondisi ini disebabkan oleh infeksi di kelenjar anus.

Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan suatu abses atau kantung bernanah yang terbentuk di area sekitar anus atau kelenjar anus. Abses ini bisa pecah dan nanah mengalir keluar. Terbentuk saluran drainase yang menghubungkan kelenjar anus yang terinfeksi dengan lubang di kulit luar di sekitar anus.

 

Penyebab Fistula Ani

Fistula biasanya terbentuk saat jaringan, dalam kondisi ini di area anus, mengallami peradangan dalam waktu lama. Pada fistula ani, kondisi ini paling sering disebabkan oleh infeksi pada kelenjar di sekitar anus yang berujung pada pembentukan abses. Ketika abses atau kantung berisi nanah tersebut pecah, maka akan terbentuk saluran yang menghubungkan bagian dalam anus dengan kulit di sekitar anus.

Agar nanah bisa keluar dari tubuh, selain infeksi, peradangan kronis juga bisa merusak jaringan di sekitar anus. Salah satu penyebab lain dari fistula ani adalah penyakit Crohn, cedera pada anus, efek samping pembedahan pada area anus, atau pasca terapi radiasi untuk kanker.

Ada beberapa faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kemungkinan seseorang mengalami fistula ani, di antaranya:

  • Fistula ani lebih sering dialami pria berusia ≥40 tahun dibandingkan wanita 
  • Pernah mengalami abses sebelumnya pada area anus atau sekitarnya
  • Mengalami penyakit peradangan usus seperti penyakit Crohn atau kolitis
  • Adanya cedera di area sekitar anus 
  • Adanya infeksi di area anus yang tidak diobati dengan baik
  • Riwayat pembedahan atau radioterapi sebelumnya pada area anus atau sekitarnya
  • Infeksi menular seksual yang memicu terbentuknya abses di anus
  • Memiliki penurunan kekebalan tubuh yang membuatnya rentan mengalami infeksi berulang

Baca Juga: Faktor Risiko dan Penyebab Wasir (Ambeien)

 

Gejala Fistula Ani

Fistula ani tidak sama dengan wasir (ambeien). Adapun gejala umum fistula ani di antaranya:

  • Nyeri intens yang sering kali dirasakan di anus., nyeri bisa meningkat saat melakukan aktivitas tertentu seperti buang air besar, batuk atau duduk
  • Rasa berdenyut di anus
  • Bagian bokong yang sensitif terhadap sentuhan
  • Pembengkakan dan kemerahan di area sekitar anus yang menandakan adanya peradangan
  • Keluarnya cairan dari area sekitar anus seperti nanah, kotoran atau darah dan bisa disertai dengan bau tidak sedap

Anda juga bisa mengalami gejala lain seperti demam, nyeri buang air kecil, merasa lemas, atau kesulitan menahan keinginan buang air besar.

Baca Juga: Cara Mencegah Wasir Datang Kembali

Beberapa orang mungkin bisa merasakan atau melihat fistula ani dengan cermin, namun terkadang fistula ani terletak di bagian dalam sehingga sulit untuk melihatnya.

Fistula ani yang tidak diobati dengan baik dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi jangka panjang, seperti infeksi yang berkepanjangan, munculnya saluran baru atau saluran tersebut menjadi lebih luas. Anda juga bisa mengalami peningkatan risiko kanker anus. Itulah mengapa, perawatan yang cepat dan tepat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah kemungkinan komplikasi yang terjadi.

Segera periksakan diri ke dokter bila menyadari berkembangnya gejala fistula ani. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 22 November 2023 | 09:56

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Anal Fistula. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14466-anal-fistula 

Amber J. Tresca (2022). Anal Fissure vs. Hemorrhoids: What Are the Differences?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/anal-fissure-vs-hemorrhoids-symptoms-causes-treatment-6501290 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Anal fistula. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-fistula/symptoms-causes/syc-20352871 

Cedars Sinai (2022). Anal Fistula. Available from: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/anal-fistula.html 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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