6 Penyakit yang Ditularkan dari Tikus

6 Penyakit yang Ditularkan dari Tikus
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Hewan tikus yang sering berkeliaran di rumah dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit pada manusia. Anda dapat tertular penyakit dari gigitan, kotoran atau ketika Anda mengonsumsi makanan yang sudah terkontaminasi kencing tikus. Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh tikus sangat beragam, mulai dari penyakit ringan hingga yang perlu perawatan serius.

 

Jenis-Jenis Penyakit yang Disebabkan oleh Tikus

1. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) adalah penyakit infeksi yang jarang terjadi namun dapat membahayakan nyawa jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Seseorang dapat tertular penyakit ini ketika menghirup udara yang sudah terinfeksi urine atau liur tikus dan hewan pengerat lain yang mengandung hantavirus.

Pada tikus, virus ini tidak menyebabkan sakit. Namun pada manusia, infeksi hantavirus dapat membahayakan jantung, paru-paru dan ginjal. Orang yang terinfeksi hantavirus pada awalnya menunjukkan gejala mirip flu seperti demam, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, dan sulit bernapas. Bila tidak mendapat penanganan yang tepat, kondisi ini dapat memburuk dengan cepat dalam waktu 4-10 hari.

2. Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira. Di Indonesia, penyakit ini banyak terjadi di daerah rawan banjir. Jika Anda berada di sekitar air atau tanah yang sudah terkontaminasi urine tikus, Anda berisiko terkena penyakit leptospirosis. Bakteri dapat masuk ke tubuh melalui luka terbuka atau masuk melalui hidung, mulut dan kelamin.

Gejala leptospirosis biasnaya baru muncul dalam 2 minggu, walaupun dalam beberapa kasus tidak muncul gejala sama sekali. Gejala yang muncul antara lain demam tinggi, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, kulit dan mata kuning, mual, diare dan timbul ruam. Gejala leptospirosis seringkali mirip dengan meningitis. Untuk mendiagnosisnya, Anda akan diminta Anda melakukan tes darah yang bertujuan memeriksa antibodi dari bakteri tersebut.   

3. Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis adalah infeksi bakteri Salmonella di dalam usus. Biasanya manusia terinfeksi bakteri akibat mengonsumsi makanan atau air yang terkontaminasi bakteri. Penyakit ini sering terjadi pada daerah yang memiliki sistem sanitasi buruk.

Gejala salmonellosis antara lain diare, mual dan muntah, demam, kram perut, hingga sakit kepala. Umumnya gejala ini dapat berlangsung selama 2-7 hari, namun dapat memburuk jika daya tahan pasien kurang baik.

4. Pes

Penyakit pes atau plague adalah infeksi bakteri yang dibawa oleh kutu dari tikus. Ketika kutu tikus menggigit Anda, maka kutu akan menyebarkan bakteri ke dalam tubuh. Gejala penyakit pes yang umum antara lain demam, batuk, sulit bernapas, sakit kepala dan nyeri otot. Penyakit ini dapat menular antar manusia melalui percikan air liur saat batuk atau bersin. Jika kondisi memburuk, komplikasi penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan meningitis dan kematian.

5. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh hantavirus dari famili Bunyaviridae. Seseorang dapat tertular penyakit ini setelah terpapar debu dari sarang tikus atau terpapar urine, kotoran dan air liur hewan yang terinfeksi. Penularan juga dapat terjadi ketika urine yang mengandung virus masuk melalui gigitan, cakaran atau selaput lendir pada mata, hidung atau mulut.

6. Rat-bite Fever

Penyakit rat-bite fever adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan dua bakteri yang berbeda, yaitu Streptobacillus moniliformis dan Spirillum minus. Penyakit ini dapat menular ke manusia setelah melakukan kontak langsung dengan hewam pengerat yang membawa bakteri tersebut. Selain itu penularan juga bisa terjadi melalui konsumsi air atau makanan yang terkontaminasi urine dan kotoran hewan tersebut. Gejala yang ditimbulkan mirip dengan gejala flu seperti demam sakit kepala dan nyeri otot. Setelah 2-4 hari, maka akan muncul ruam di tangan dan kaki diiringi dengan nyeri sendi.


Tikus merupakan hewan yang hidup di tempat kotor dan membawa berbagai sumber penyakit. Untuk mencegah penyakit tersebut, selalu jaga kebersihan lingkungan dan pastikan rumah memiliki sanitasi yang baik. Jika Anda baru saja kontak dengan tikus lalu merasakan gejala flu, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!



 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:43

CDC. Diseases Directly Transmitted by Rodents. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/rodents/diseases/direct.html

WebMD. What is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hantavirus-pulmonary-syndrome

CDC. Leptospirosis. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/leptospirosis/index.html

WebMD. Salmonella (Salmonellosis). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-salmonella

CDC. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs/index.html#

 

CDC. Rat-bite Fever. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/rat-bite-fever/index.html#

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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