Muntah Proyektil Apa Bedanya dengan Muntah Biasa?

Muntah Proyektil Apa Bedanya dengan Muntah Biasa?
Ilustrasi muntah proyektil. Credits: Freepik

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Muntah sebenarnya adalah cara tubuh membuang zat berbahaya dari lambung atau ketika ada sesuatu yang mengiritasi. Ini merupakan mekanisme perlindungan alami untuk melindungi lambung dan usus dari makanan yang terkontaminasi, racun, atau patogen berbahaya.

Muntah sering kali tidak perlu dikhawatirkan dan menjadi bagian dari respons tubuh yang normal. Namun, penting untuk memperhatikan seperti apa sih muntah yang Anda alami? Dan apakah ada gejala lain yang menyertai?

 

Apa itu Muntah Proyektil?

Muntah menyembur atau dalam bahasa medis disebut muntah proyektil berbeda dengan muntah biasa. Ini adalah jenis muntah yang parah di mana isi perut terdorong secara paksa hingga beberapa sentimeter dari tubuh. Biasanya muntah ini lebih singkat dan lebih hebat dibandingkan jenis muntah lainnya.

Muntah proyektil lebih mungkin terjadi secara tiba-tiba tanpa peringatan apa pun. Alih-alih terjadi perasaan mual yang berlangsung beberapa waktu.

Jenis muntah ini sering menjadi tanda adanya masalah kesehatan yang memerlukan perhatian segera, khususnya pada bayi.

Baca Juga: Begini Cara Atasi Mual dan Muntah Tanpa Obat-Obatan

 

Penyebab Muntah Proyektil

Muntah proyektil pada bayi dan anak-anak serta orang dewasa mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor yang berbeda.

Penyebab muntah proyektil pada bayi dan anak-anak, di antaranya:

  • Stenosis pilorus, yaitu penebalan otot tempat lambung bermuara ke usus kecil. Kondisi ini menghalangi pergerakan makanan dari lambung ke duodenum di usus kecil sehingga berisiko menyebabkan malnutrisi, dehidrasi, dan kegagalan pertumbuhan
  • Refluks, di mana isi lambung naik kembali ke kerongkongan. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan iritasi esofagus
  • Gangguan lambung seperti menelan benda kecil yang menghalangi pengosongan perut
  • Infeksi virus dan bakteri yang juga ditandai dengan diare, demam, dan kram perut
  • Makan berlebihan di mana perut mencoba mengeluarkan makanan yang tidak dapat ditampungnya

Penyebab muntah proyektil pada orang dewasa di antaranya:

  • Flu perut, yaitu infeksi saluran pencernaan yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh norovirus
  • Keracunan makanan
  • Gangguan pada lambung atau usus yang menyebabkan hambatan seperti volvulus usus, hernia, tumor non kanker dan kanker
  • Makan berlebihan
  • Peningkatan tekanan di otak, dapat disebabkan karena cedera kepala atau adanya tumor/kanker yang menekan otak

Baca Juga: Kapan Harus Memeriksakan Diri ke Dokter bila Mual dan Muntah

 

Potensi Bahaya Muntah Proyektil

Muntah proyektil bisa menjadi tanda kondisi medis yang serius. Meskipun tidak selalu berbahaya, namun kondisi ini harus dievaluasi dan mungkin perlu pengobatan lebih lanjut.

Muntah proyektil yang dibiarkan tanpa pemeriksaan dan pengobatan berpotensi bahaya, di antaranya:

  • Dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi, terutama pada bayi dan anak-anak karena mereka lebih rentan kehilangan cairan
  • Jika terjadi secara berkepanjangan dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi
  • Pada bayi, muntah proyektil sering kali dikaitkan dengan stenosis pilorus, yang membutuhkan pembedahan
  • Pada orang dewasa, muntah proyektil sering menjadi tanda obstruksi usus (penyumbatan usus)
  • Muntah proyektil berisiko lebih tinggi terjadi aspirasi, yaitu ketika isi lambung masuk ke saluran pernapasan dan bisa menyebabkan pneumonia aspirasi
  • Muntah yang sangat kuat bisa menyebabkan robekan pada kerongkongan dan perdarahan

 

Jadi jika bayi, anak-anak atau orang dewasa lain di dalam keluarga mengalami muntah menyembur sebaiknya segera berkonsultasi dengan dokter atau mencari pertolongan dokter di rumah sakit. Dokter dapat membantu mencari penyebab, dan merekomendasikan pengobatan serta perawatan untuk mencegah komplikasi yang lebih serius.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain seputar muntah? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 30 Mei 2024 | 09:07

WebMD (2023). What to Know About Projectile Vomiting in Children. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/what-to-know-projectile-vomiting-children 

WebMD (2023). What to Know About Projectile Vomiting in Adults. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-to-know-about-projectile-vomiting 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Nausea & Vomiting. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/8106-nausea--vomiting 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Pyloric stenosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pyloric-stenosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351416 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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