Mengenal Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Usus

Mengenal Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Usus

Bagikan :


Usus besar adalah bagian dari sistem pencernaan tubuh. Sistem pencernaan dimulai dari kerongkongan, lambung, usus kecil dan usus besar. Usus besar memiliki panjang sekitar 5 kaki. Bersama dengan rektum dan saluran anus, usus besar membentuk bagian terakhir sistem pencernaan. Usus besar bertugas memproses nutrisi seperti vitamin, mineral, karbohidrat, lemak, protein dan air dari makanan, dan mengeluarkan limbahnya dari tubuh.

Normalnya, seperti dilansir Cleveland Clinic, sel-sel di dalam tubuh akan tumbuh, membelah diri dan kemudian akan mati agar tubuh tetap sehat dan berfungsi dengan baik. Demikian juga dengan sel tubuh di dalam usus, sel yang sehat di dalam usus akan tumbuh, membelah diri kemudian mati. Namun adakalanya proses pertumbuhan dan membelah diri menjadi tak terkendali jumlahnya. Apabila normalnya mereka akan mati setelah membelah diri, sel-sel tersebut justru tetap hidup dan melapisi usus besar, terus berkembang biak menjadi tak terkendali.

Penyebab kanker usus

Awal mulanya, kanker usus dimulai dari polip yang biasanya tumbuh perlahan dan tidak menimbulkan gejala, sampai kemudian ia menjadi besar dan berbahaya saat menjadi kanker. Para ahli sendiri tidak yakin apa yang sebenarnya menyebabkan kanker usus besar. Mereka menduga bahwa sel-sel sehat di dalam usus besar mengalami perubahan dalam DNA yang menyebabkan sel tersebut membelah diri dan berkembang biak secara berlebihan. Seiring waktu, sel-sel kanker yang terus tumbuh dapat menyerang dan menghancurkan jaringan normal di dekatnya. Bahkan sel kanker tersebut juga dapat melakukan perjalanan ke bagian lain dari tubuh untuk bermetastasis di sana.

Faktor risiko

Segala sesuatu yang meningkatkan peluang sebuah penyakit disebut dengan faktor risiko. Memiliki faktor risiko ini tidak berarti Anda akan pasti terkena kanker usus, namun risiko untuk sakit lebih besar sehingga perlu lebih waspada dan berhati-hati.

Berikut adalah beberapa faktor risiko seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic dan Cancer.gov, antara lain:

  • Usia - kanker usus besar dapat menyerang pada usia berapapun, namun diagnosis saat ini lebih banyak ditemukan pada usia di atas 50 tahun.
  • Riwayat keluarga - memiliki keluarga dengan riwayat kanker usus besar atau rektum pada tingkat kerabat pertama (orang tua, saudara kandung, anak)
  • Gen bawaan - memiliki perubahan bawaan pada gen tertentu yang meningkatkan risiko familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) atau sindrom Lynch (kanker kolorektal nonpolyposis herediter)
  • Peradangan - adanya peradangan kronis pada usus besar seperti kolitis ulserativa dan penyakit Crohn yang dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker usus besar
  • Pola diet - pola diet rendah serat dan tinggi lemak dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker usus besar dan kanker rektal, terutama pada mereka yang gemar makan makanan tinggi kandungan daging merah dan daging olahan
  • Kondisi penyakit lain - kondisi penyakit lain seperti diabetes dan obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker usus
  • Pola hidup - pola hidup yang kurang aktif, kurang bergerak, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan minum minuman beralkohol juga dapat memicu kanker usus dan kanker rektal
  • Ras - dilansir Medical News Today, risiko kanker usus meningkat apabila Anda memiliki ras tertentu seperti ras Afrika-Amerika, Asia, Hispanik

Apabila Anda memiliki faktor risiko di atas, dan gejala seperti mudah lelah, kehilangan berat badan tanpa penyebab yang jelas, selalu muntah, sering sembelit dan diare, ada darah pada tinja, maka segera lakukan konsultasi dan pemeriksaan lebih dini.

Cancer gov. 2021. Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq

Cleveland Clinic. 2020.  Colorectal (Colon) Cancer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14501-colorectal-colon-cancer

Mayo Clinic Staff. 2021. Colon Cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353669

Sissons, Beth. 2021. Everything you need to know about colon cancer. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150496

 

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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\User
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