Ketahui Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ginjal

Ketahui Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ginjal
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Kanker bisa tumbuh di bagian tubuh mana saja, termasuk ginjal. Kanker yang berkembang di ginjal disebut dengan kanker ginjal. Kanker ginjal umum dialami oleh lansia yang berumur 65-74 tahun. Karsinoma sel ginjal adalah jenis kanker ginjal yang paling umum ditemukan pada orang dewasa. Namun begitu, terdapat banyak jenis kanker ginjal, di mana keganasan juga bisa ditemukan pada anak-anak dan orang dewasa muda.

Kasus kanker menjadi salah satu kondisi yang serius dan mengkhawatirkan bagi sejumlah orang. Mari ketahui apa yang bisa menyebabkan seseorang menderita kanker ginjal.

 

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Ginjal

Secara umum, penyebab dari munculnya kanker ginjal masih belum diketahui dengan pasti. Diduga terjadi suatu perubahan atau mutasi genetik pada DNA sel-sel ginjal. Gen mengontrol bagaimana sel di suatu jaringan akan berfungsi. Mutasi ini memicu pertumbuhan sel-sel ganas yang tidak terkendali, yang membentuk tumor di ginjal.

Ada beberapa faktor risiko yang diteliti bisa meningkatkan risiko seseorang untuk mengalami kanker ginjal. Risiko tersebut di antaranya:

 

Merokok

Rokok mengandung berbagai zat berbahaya termasuk zat yang bersifat karsinogen (dapat menyebabkan kanker). Perokok memiliki risiko hampir dua kali lebih besar untuk mengalami kanker ginjal bila dibandingkan individu yang tidak merokok.

Paparan jangka panjang zat-zat ini dapat merusak DNA dalam sel-sel ginjal dan memicu perkembangan sel-sel ganas. Zat berbahaya yang ada dalam rokok akan masuk ke dalam aliran darah. Ginjal berusaha untuk menyaring zat-zat ini untuk keluar dari tubuh, namun zat kimia tersebut mulai terkonsentrasi di ginjal. Sel ginjal mulai rusak dan pada beberapa kasus, bermutasi serta berubah menjadi sel kanker.

 

Obesitas

Obesitas adalah faktor risiko banyak penyakit kronis dan berbahaya termasuk kanker ginjal. Obesitas menyebabkan peradangan kronis di dalam tubuh yang dapat merusak sel-sel ginjal dan meningkatkan risiko perkembangan sel-sel ganas.

Hubungan antara obesitas dan risiko terkait perkembangan kanker masih belum dipahami sepenuhnya. Diduga selain peradangan kronis terjadi perubahan metabolisme asam lemak, produksi adipokin yang berperan dalam peradangan terkait obesitas, dan disregulasi imun.

Tidak hanya meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kanker, obesitas juga dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat kanker. Obesitas juga sering dikaitkan dengan tekanan darah tinggi yang juga merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker ginjal.

Baca Juga: Diabetes Hingga Stroke, Ini Masalah Kesehatan yang Berkaitan dengan Obesitas

 

Tekanan darah tinggi

Tekanan darah tinggi adalah kondisi medis yang dapat meningkatkan risiko berbagai masalah kesehatan termasuk kanker ginjal. Hipertensi merusak pembuluh darah termasuk yang berada di ginjal sehingga mengganggu pasokan darah dan oksigen ke ginjal. Tekanan darah tinggi juga menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah ke ginjal yang dapat memengaruhi struktur dan fungsi ginjal serta meningkatkan risiko perkembangan kanker ginjal.

 

Riwayat keluarga

Riwayat keluarga dengan kanker ginjal meningkatkan risiko terkena kanker ginjal. Dalam beberapa kasus, pasien kanker ginjal memiliki risiko lebih besar terhadap kanker ginjal saat menderita penyakit genetik tertentu seperti sindrom von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), penyakit kistik ginjal autosomal dominan (ADPKD) atau sindrom Birt-Hogg-Dube.

Sehingga sangat penting bagi setiap orang yang memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan kanker ginjal untuk selalu memantau kesehatan secara teratur dan menjalani pengobatan untuk menurunkan risiko penyebaran sel kanker ke organ lain di dalam tubuh.

Baca Juga: Manfaat Minum Air Putih untuk Kesehatan Ginjal

 

Kemungkinan penyembuhan kanker ginjal tergantung pada banyak faktor termasuk jenis kanker ginjal, sejauh mana penyebarannya, stadium kanker ginjal, dan bagaimana respons pasien terhadap pengobatan. Hal yang paling penting adalah berkonsultasi dengan dokter khususnya ahli onkologi untuk mendapatkan pemeriksaan lebih akurat.

Bila Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar kanker ginjal atau keluhan lain terkait ginjal, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 22 September 2023 | 07:14

Cancer Council (2023). Kidney Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/kidney-cancer 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Kidney Cancer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9409-kidney-cancer-overview 

American Cancer Society (2020). What Causes Kidney Cancer?. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/kidney-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html 

Cancer Research UK (2023). How does smoking cause cancer?. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/smoking-and-cancer/how-does-smoking-cause-cancer 

Sukanya Pati, et all (2023). Obesity and Cancer: A Current Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Outcomes, and Management. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9857053/ 

Jordana B. Cohen, et all (2023). Cancer Therapy–Related Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Available from: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000224 

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9081 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9081
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8539 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8539
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9563 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9563
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.69msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2276 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8019 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8019
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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