Ketahui Apa Saja Jenis-Jenis Angina dan Penyebabnya

Ketahui Apa Saja Jenis-Jenis Angina dan Penyebabnya
Credits: Freepik. Angina digambarkan sebagai nyeri dada.

Bagikan :


Angina digambarkan sebagai nyeri dada yang dirasakan ketika tidak ada cukup aliran darah ke otot jantung. Nyeri tersebut terasa seperti tekanan atau seperti diremas pada pria, dan seperti tusukan benda tajam pada wanita.

Adakalanya, angina terasa seperti gangguan pencernaan, karena Anda mungkin merasa mual dan muntah serta timbul rasa ketidaknyamanan pada bahu, leher, rahang dan punggung.

Umumnya, angina adalah gejala dari penyakit jantung koroner atau penyakit jantung lain. Walaupun rasa sakitnya mungkin menghilang dalam beberapa menit, namun kondisi ini menandakan masalah jantung yang membahayakan jiwa dan membutuhkan pertolongan medis segera.

 

Mengenal Jenis Angina dan Penyebabnya

Angina bukanlah jenis penyakit tertentu. Angina adalah gejala yang terjadi karena jantung mengalami iskemia (ketika satu atau lebih arteri koroner menjadi sempit dan tersumbat).

Ada beberapa jenis angina yang perlu Anda ketahui beserta dengan penyebabnya, di antaranya sebagai berikut:

 

Angina Stabil

Jenis angina yang paling umum adalah angina stabil, yang terjadi selama beraktivitas dan biasanya akan hilang dengan istirahat atau mengonsumsi obat angina. Angina jenis ini sangat mungkin dialami, misalnya ketika Anda berjalan menanjak, atau sedang berada dalam cuaca dingin.

Nyeri yang dirasakan stabil dan mirip seperti episode nyeri dada yang sebelumnya dirasakan. Nyeri pada angina stabil, biasanya berlangsung singkat, mungkin dalam waktu lima menit atau kurang. Polanya sangat teratur dan bisa dirasakan selama berbulan-bulan atau bertahun-tahun. Pengobatan dan istirahat akan membantu meredakan gejalanya.

 

Angina Tidak Stabil

Angina tidak stabil adalah jenis angina yang tidak dapat diprediksi kapan terjadinya. Angina jenis ini bahkan dapat terjadi saat Anda dalam kondisi beristirahat, sehingga angina jenis ini termasuk kondisi darurat medis.

Nyeri yang dirasakan dapat memburuk saat Anda berusaha melakukan sedikit aktivitas. Rasa sakit yang dirasakan biasanya cukup parah dan berlangsung lebih lama dibandingkan angina stabil. Angina tidak stabil mungkin dirasakan sekitar 20 menit atau lebih.

Disebut sebagai kondisi darurat medis, karena rasa sakitnya tidak hilang dengan beristirahat atau dengan minum obat angina. Jika aliran darah tidak kunjung membaik dan jantung kekurangan oksigen, maka Anda bisa mengalami serangan jantung.

 

Angina Mikrovaskular

Angina mikrovaskular cenderung lebih sering dialami oleh wanita yang terjadi bersamaan dengan penyakit mikrovaskular koroner. Kondisi ini memengaruhi arteri koroner terkecil, di mana gejala yang dirasakan di antaranya sebagai berikut:

  • Tubuh yang terasa kelelahan
  • Tubuh terasa tidak berenergi
  • Mengalami gangguan tidur
  • Sesak napas

Angina mikrovaskular juga cenderung lebih sering terjadi dibanding angina stabil, di mana gejalanya mungkin bertahan selama 10 menit atau bahkan lebih dari 30 menit.

Angina mikrovaskular cukup sulit didiagnosis karena pada pemeriksaan angiogram, tidak terlihat adanya obstruksi atau penyumbatan di arteri kecil. Untuk itu, Anda mungkin perlu mendapatkan tes stres untuk memantau fungsi jantung, sehingga dokter bisa membantu mendiagnosisnya.

 

Angina Varian

Angina Varian atau disebut juga angina Prinzmetal adalah jenis angina yang tidak disebabkan oleh penyakit arteri koroner, melainkan disebabkan oleh kejang di arteri jantung yang bersifat sementara, sehingga menyebabkan aliran darah berkurang.

Nyeri dada yang parah adalah gejala utama angina varian, yang bisa terjadi saat beristirahat, di tengah malam ataupun dini hari. Pemicu utama dari angina varian adalah suhu yang sangat dingin, stres, pengobatan tertentu, kebiasaan merokok, dan penyalahgunaan kokain.

Angina varian merupakan jenis angina yang jarang terjadi. Nyeri pada angina varian dapat diobati dengan obat-obatan angina.

Apapun jenis angina yang Anda miliki, bila Anda merasakan adanya rasa nyeri di dada yang tidak kunjung mereda atau dirasakan lebih dari 5 menit lamanya atau rasa nyeri tidak hilang ketika Anda beristirahat dan minum obat, maka ada indikasi bahwa Anda mungkin mengalami serangan jantung. Segera cari pertolongan medis, dan jangan abaikan gejala yang Anda rasakan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 17:24

Mayo Clinic (2022). Angina. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/angina/symptoms-causes/syc-20369373

Stephanie Watson (2021). Angina (Ischemic Chest Pain). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-angina

American Heart Association (2021). Angina in Women Can Be Different Than Men. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/angina-in-women-can-be-different-than-men

John Hopkins Medicine. Microvascular Angina: Why Women Shouldn’t Ignore Chest Pain and Fatigue. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/microvascular-angina-why-women-shouldnt-ignore-chest-pain-and-fatigue

Medline Plus (2017). Angina. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/angina.html

Peter Crosta (2020). Everything you need to know about angina. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8886#definition

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8208 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7869
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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