Jenis-Jenis Insulin, Mana yang Sesuai Untuk Anda?

Jenis-Jenis Insulin, Mana yang Sesuai Untuk Anda?

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Insulin adalah hormon yang diproduksi di dalam tubuh manusia untuk menjaga kadar glukosa di dalam darah tetap normal. Insulin diproduksi oleh sel beta pankreas.

Fungsi utama insulin adalah memindahkan glukosa dari aliran darah ke dalam sel-sel tubuh untuk menghasilkan energi. Jika Anda tidak memiliki cukup insulin, maka glukosa akan menumpuk di dalam aliran darah alih-alih menyediakan energi untuk tubuh.

Dilansir betterhealth, ada penderita diabetes tipe 1, tubuh tidak dapat memproduksi insulin sejak lahir, sehingga insulin harus disuntikkan secara teratur setiap hari untuk memperpanjang kehidupan. Sedangkan pada penderita diabetes tipe 2, tubuh bisa membuat insulin namun jumlahnya tidak cukup, sehingga insulin tidak dapat bekerja dengan baik. Untuk mempertahankan fungsi insulin, tubuh membutuhkan tambahan injeksi insulin atau pil diabetes agar tubuh tetap bisa mengelola kadar glukosa di dalam darah.

Insulin harus diberikan secara injeksi dan tidak bisa dikonsumsi sebagai obat oral. Sedangkan obat, seperti dilansir diabetes.org, umumnya akan dipecah di dalam pencernaan seperti protein dalam makanan, sedangkan insulin harus disuntikkan ke dalam kulit agar bisa masuk ke dalam darah.

Insulin dikelompokkan berdasarkan seberapa cepat ia mulai bekerja dan berapa lama efek bertahannya. Dilansir Betterhealth, berikut adalah beberapa jenis insulin:

Rapid-acting

Insulin yang mulai bekerja hanya dalam 2,5 menit hingga 20 menit setelah injeksi. Insulin ini bertahan setidaknya 3-5 jam dan bekerja lebih cepat setelah makan.

Insulin jenis ini mirip dengan insulin alami tubuh sehingga mengurangi risiko glukosa darah rendah. Ketika menggunakan insulin jenis ini, Anda disarankan segera makan setelah menyuntikkannya.

Contoh insulin rapid-acting antara lain:

  • Fiasp and NovoRapid® (insulin aspart)
  • Humalog® (insulin lispro)
  • Apidra® (insulin glulisine)

Short-acting

Insulin ini membutuhkan waktu lebih lama untuk mulai bekerja dibandingkan insulin rapid-acting.

Insulin ini akan bekerja menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dalam waktu 30 menit, sehingga 30 menit setelah disuntikkan Anda harus makan. Insulin short-acting memiliki efek 2-5 jam setelah injeksi dan bertahan selama 6-8 jam.

Contoh insulin short-acting antara lain:

  • Actrapid®
  • Humulin® R

Intermediate-acting

Insulin intermediate-acting seringkali disebut sebagai insulin basal. Sifatnya keruh, maka insulin jenis ini perlu dicampur dengan baik.

Insulin intermediate-acting bekerja sekitar 60-90 menit setelah injeksi, dan bertahan antara 16-24 jam lamanya.

Contoh insulin intermediate-acting antara lain:

  • Humulin® NPH (a human isophane insulin)
  • Protaphane® (a human isophane insulin)

Long-acting

Insulin long acting juga sering disebut sebagai insulin basal, namun mereka cukup jernih sehingga tidak perlu dicampur sebelum disuntikkan.

Contoh insulin long-acting antara lain:

  • Lantus® (glargine insulin)
  • Toujeo (glargine insulin)
  • Levemir® (detemir insulin)

Mixed insulin

Insulin yang mengandung pre-mixed insulin jenis rapid-acting, short-acting atau intermediate-acting.

Contoh insulin mixed antara lain:

  • NovoMix® 30 (30% rapid, 70% intermediate Protaphane)
  • Humalog® Mix 25 (25% rapid, 75% intermediate Humulin NPH)
  • Humalog® Mix 50 (50% rapid, 50% intermediate Humulin NPH)
  • Ryzodeg 70:30 (70% long acting Degludec, 30% rapid Aspart)
  • Mixtard® 30/70 (30% short, 70% intermediate Protaphane)
  • Mixtard® 50/50 (50% short, 50% intermediate Protaphane)
  • Humulin® 30/70 (30% short, 70% intermediate Humulin NPH)

Cara memilih insulin 

Satu-satunya cara terbaik memilih insulin yang sesuai dengan kondisi adalah berkonsultasi dengan dokter Anda. Berikut adalah panduan untuk memilih insulin untuk tubuh seperti dilansir WebMD:

  • Mengetahui bagaimana respon insulin terhadap tubuh Anda
  • Kedisiplinan untuk melakukan injeksi setiap hari
  • Seberapa sering Anda melakukan pengecekan kadar gula darah
  • Usia
  • Bagaimana rencana pengaturan kadar gula darah
  • Pola hidup sehat, baik makanan maupun olahraga yang dilakukan

Dokter mungkin akan meresepkan lebih dari satu jenis insulin untuk tubuh. Dosis dan berapa kali injeksi yang dibutuhkan akan diresepkan berdasarkan kondisi pasien.

Dansinger, Michael MD (2020). Types of Insulin for Diabetes Treatment. Available from : https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/diabetes-types-insulin

Betterhealth Channel (2021). Diabetes and Insulin. Available from : https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/diabetes-and-insulin#insulin-for-diabetes

American Diabetes Association. Insulin Basics. Available from : https://www.diabetes.org/healthy-living/medication-treatments/insulin-other-injectables/insulin-basics

Request history8.1.29PHP Version701msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET {category}/{slug}Route
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1360
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:739
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      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:748
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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
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      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5456 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6623
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.24msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2547 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2547
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8665 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.23msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3793 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9940 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9940
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9866 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9866
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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