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Kenali Gejala Pembengkakan Jantung (Kardiomegali) dan Penanganannya

Kenali Gejala Pembengkakan Jantung (Kardiomegali) dan Penanganannya

Bagikan :


Jantung adalah organ penting yang bertugas mengalirkan darah ke seluruh tubuh. Dalam kondisi normal, jantung umumnya berukuran sebesar kepalan tangan. Namun karena kondisi tertentu, jantung dapat mengalami pembengkakan atau yang dikenal dengan istilah kardiomegali. Meskipun tidak selalu berbahaya, namun pembengkakan jantung bisa menjadi tanda penyakit jantung yang serius.

 

Penyebab pembengkakan jantung (kardiomegali)

Pembengkakan jantung atau kardiomegali sebenarnya bukan sebuah penyakit, melainkan sebuah gejala dari kondisi kesehatan lainnya. Pembengkakan ini bisa terjadi karena stres jangka pendek saat hamil, maupun masalah jantung lainnya seperti kelainan katup jantung, melemahnya gerak otot-otot jantung, penyakit arteri koroner, dan gangguan irama jantung. Selain masalah jantung, pembengkakan jantung juga dapat disebabkan oleh kebiasaan konsumsi alkohol, penyakit ginjal, infeksi HIV dan faktor keturunan.

 

Gejala jantung bengkak (kardiomegali)

Pembengkakan jantung umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala khusus. Namun pembengkakan jantung dapat membuat aliran darah ke seluruh tubuh terhambat sehingga menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman seperti berikut:

  • Sesak napas
  • Aritmia atau gangguan irama jantung
  • Pembengkakan di bagian kaki
  • Penambahan berat badan terutama di bagian perut
  • Badan mudah merasa lelah
  • Jantung berdebar kencang

Gejala pembengkakan jantung dirasakan berbeda pada setiap orang, tergantung pada penyebab dan bagian jantung yang membengkak. Beberapa orang tidak menyadari munculnya gejala pembengkakan jantung, namun sebagian lagi mengalami sejumlah gejala ringan yang berlangsung menahun. Pada kondisi pembengkakan jantung yang semakin parah, umumnya pasien akan mengalami sesak napas yang kemudian memburuk.

Apabila Anda merasakan gejala di atas dan diiringi nyeri dada, sesak napas yang cukup berat, rasa tidak nyaman di tubuh bagian atas seperti lengan, leher, rahang dan perut serta pernah mengalami pingsan sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

 

Penanganan pembengkakan jantung

Karena pembengkakan jantung dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, maka pasien dianjurkan melakukan pemeriksaan untuk mengetahui penyebab pembengkakan jantung. Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik, tes pencitraan, EKG dan tes lain yang diperlukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis. Setelah diagnosis dilakukan, dokter dapat merekomendasikan penanganan sesuai penyebab pembengkakan jantung, di antaranya:

1. Pemberian obat-obatan untuk mencegah pembengkakan jantung semakin parah

Pada beberapa pasien, dokter dapat memberikan obat-obatan diuretik yang membuat pasien sering berkemih. Hal ini bertujuan agar jantung tidak perlu memompa darah terlalu berat. Obat ini juga dapat membantu mengatasi pembengkakan pada kaki. Pada pasien yang mengalami pembengkakan jantung akibat tekanan darah tinggi, dokter juga dapat memberikan obat-obatan seperti ACE inhibitor dan Beta blocker

Obat-obatan lain yang bisa diberikan pada pasien pembengkakan jantung antara lain obat antiaritmia, angotensin receptor blocker (ARB) dan obat antikoagulan.

2. Operasi dan prosedur lainnya

Untuk kasus pembengkakan jantung yang disebabkan oleh masalah pada katup jantung, dokter akan merekomendasikan operasi untuk memperbaiki katup jantung. Begitu juga pada pembengkakan jantung yang disebabkan oleh sumbatan di arteri, maka dokter akan menyarankan operasi untuk memulihkan aliran jantung yang terhambat. 

Apabila pasien memiliki masalah irama jantung, dokter juga dapat memasang alat pacu jantung. Sedangkan pada pembengkakan jantung yang disebabkan oleh detak jantung terlalu lemah dan tidak mampu dikontrol dengan obat-obatan, maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan untuk dilakukan transplantasi jantung. 

3. Perubahan gaya hidup sehat

Masalah jantung juga dapat disebabkan oleh gaya hidup. Untuk mencegah masalah jantung berkembang semakin parah, dokter akan merekomendasikan menjalani gaya hidup sehat seperti berhenti merokok dan mengonsumsi alkohol, menerapkan diet rendah lemak, rutin olahraga, cukup istirahat dan mengelola stres dengan baik.

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 05:32

Mayo Clinic. (2020). Enlarged Heart. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-heart/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355442

Better Health. Heart Disease- Enlarged Heart. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/heart-disease-enlarged-heart#

WebMD. Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly). (2020). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/enlarged-heart-causes-symptoms-types#091e9c5e809ae650-1-2

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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