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Ketahui Ragam Penyebab Pembesaran Jantung (Kardiomegali)

Ketahui Ragam Penyebab Pembesaran Jantung (Kardiomegali)
Credits: Freepik. Pembesaran jantung bukanlah sebuah penyakit, melainkan gejala yang menunjukkan kondisi tertentu.

Bagikan :


Jantung bisa membesar ukurannya lebih dari ukuran normal. Pembesaran jantung dalam istilah medis disebut dengan kardiomegali.

Pembesaran jantung bukanlah sebuah penyakit, melainkan gejala yang menunjukkan kondisi tertentu. Pembesaran jantung mungkin bersifat sementara, namun juga bisa bersifat permanen tergantung pada penyebabnya.

 

Tanda-Tanda Pembesaran Jantung

Mengenali pembesaran jantung bukanlah hal yang mudah. Tidak semua orang yang mengalami pembesaran jantung merasakan gejala atau tanda tertentu. Namun umumnya mereka yang mengalami pembesaran jantung akan mengalami beberapa hal berikut:

  • Sesak napas terutama ketika sedang berbaring
  • Mudah terbangun saat tidur karena sesak napas
  • Mengalami aritmia (detak jantung tidak teratur)
  • Mengalami pembengkakan di perut atau kaki
  • Pusing
  • Jantung berdebar-debar
  • Kelelahan yang tidak biasa

Gejala di atas bisa memburuk apabila dibiarkan terus-menerus. Apabila Anda mengalami beberapa gejala berikut, segera periksakan diri ke dokter:

  • Rasa sakit di dada
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Rasa sakit di lengan, punggung, leher dan juga rahang
  • Pingsan

 

Faktor yang Menyebabkan Pembesaran Jantung

Jantung Anda bisa mengalami pembesaran akibat kondisi yang dialami sejak lahir, yang disebut sebagai kondisi bawaan. Bila tidak ditangani dengan benar, masalah jantung ini dapat memburuk seiring waktu.

Penyakit apapun yang membuat jantung bekerja lebih keras untuk memompa darah dapat menyebabkan pembesaran jantung. Penyebab pembesaran jantung yang paling umum adalah penyakit jantung iskemik dan juga tekanan darah tinggi.

Selain itu, penyebab pembesaran jantung lainnya di antaranya:

  • Kardiomiopati 
    • Kardiomiopati adalah penyakit jantung progresif yang merusak otot jantung dan dapat menyebabkannya membesar. Semakin banyak kerusakan jantung yang terjadi, maka jantung akan semakin lemah dan menurun kemampuan memompanya
  • Penyakit katup jantung
    • Infeksi, penyakit jaringan ikat dan beberapa obat dapat menyebabkan kerusakan katup pada jantung, yang berfungsi menjaga darah mengalir ke arah yang benar. Saat alirannya berubah, maka jantung harus bekerja lebih keras untuk mendorong darah keluar
  • Serangan jantung
    • Saat serangan jantung terjadi, aliran darah ke bagian jantung akan tersumbat sepenuhnya, akibatnya jantung akan kekurangan oksigen yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada otot jantung
  • Penyakit tiroid
    • Kelenjar tiroid menghasilkan hormon yang mengatur metabolisme tubuh. Penyakit terkait tiroid, baik kekurangan maupun kelebihan dapat memengaruhi detak jantung, tekanan darah dan juga ukuran jantung
  • Irama jantung tidak teratur (aritmia)
    • Irama jantung yang tidak teratur, seperti berdetak lebih cepat maupun lambat dapat menyebabkan darah kembali ke jantung dan pada akhirnya akan merusak otot
  • Kondisi jantung bawaan
    • Kondisi jantung bawaan dapat menyebabkan pembesaran jantung

 

Penyebab Lain yang Dapat Menyebabkan Pembesaran Jantung

Selain penyebab yang terkait dengan kondisi jantung, ada beberapa penyebab lain yang dapat menyebabkan pembesaran jantung, di antaranya:

  • Penyakit paru termasuk penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK)
  • Miokarditis
  • Hipertensi paru
  • Anemia
  • Hemakromatosis (terlalu banyak zat besi di dalam tubuh)
  • Olahraga aerobik yang berlebihan
  • Penyakit jaringan ikat
  • Penggunaan narkoba dan alkohol

Ketika Anda mengalami tanda-tanda seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, sebaiknya Anda membuat janji temu dengan dokter. Untuk mengonfirmasi gejala pembesaran jantung dan penyebabnya, Anda akan diminta untuk menjalani serangkaian pemeriksaan seperti rontgen, CT Scan, echocardiogram, EKG, dan juga MRI.

Mengobati pembesaran jantung akan difokuskan pada penanganan kondisinya, setelah pengobatan dilakukan Anda juga disarankan menjaga keseimbangan nutrisi harian, berolahraga rutin, mengelola tekanan darah dan kolesterol dengan baik, berhenti merokok dan mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol serta mendapatkan tidur yang cukup.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:44

Mayo Clinic (2022). Enlarged heart. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-heart/symptoms-causes/syc-20355436

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21490-enlarged-heart-cardiomegaly

Matthew Hoffman, MD (2022). Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/enlarged-heart-causes-symptoms-types

Stephanie Watson and Jennifer Larson (2021). What Causes an Enlarged Heart (Cardiomegaly) and How’s It Treated?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/enlarged-heart

 

 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new940μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5303 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5303
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8144 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8144
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9183 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9183
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7155 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9976 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9976
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9742 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9742
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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