Gejala dan Penyebab Glaukoma Kongenital pada Bayi

Gejala dan Penyebab Glaukoma Kongenital pada Bayi
Credit: Freepik. Glaukoma kongenital adalah penyakit gangguan mata yang dapat dialami sejak kecil dan berakibat kebutaan.

Bagikan :


Glaukoma adalah gangguan kesehatan mata yang dapat berakibat kebutaan. Pada mata glaukoma, tekanan dalam bola mata meningkat sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada saraf mata. Kondisi ini bukan hanya dapat dialami oleh orang dewasa namun juga pada bayi dan anak-anak (glaukoma kongenital).

 

Apa Itu Glaukoma Kongenital?

Glaukoma kongenital atau yang dikenal juga dengan istilah glaukoma pediatrik adalah kondisi tingginya tekanan bola mata sehingga merusak saraf penglihatan. Pada glaukoma kongenital, kondisi ini dapat didiagnosis saat lahir atau beberapa saat setelah bayi dilahirkan. Namun pada kasus tertentu, kasus ini baru dapat diketahui ketika bayi berusia 3 bulan atau kurang dari 1 tahun.

Glaukoma kongenital merupakan kondisi langka yang dapat terjadi pada anak-anak. Jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, glaukoma dapat menyebabkan kebutaan. Namun jika kondisi ini segera terdeteksi dan cepat mendapat penanganan, Anda dapat meminimalisir risiko kebutaan pada bayi.

 

Penyebab Glaukoma Kongenital

Bola mata manusia berisi cairan bening yang disebut aqueous humor. Normalnya cairan ini akan terus mengalir di dalam mata. Cairan ini mengalir dari belakang iris kemudian keluar melalui saluran pembuangan pada sudut drainase mata. Proses ini menjaga agar tekanan pada mata (tekanan intraokular) stabil.

Namun ketika sudut drainase mata tidak berfungsi dengan baik, maka proses pembuangan cairan mata juga akan terhambat. Akibatnya ciaran dalam mata menumpuk dan tekanan dalam mata meningkat sehingga merusak saraf optik.

Saraf optik terdiri dari jutaan serabut saraf kecil. Ketika saraf ini mati maka Anda akan mengalami munculnya bintik buta dalam penglihatan Anda. Jika semua serat saraf ini mati maka akan menyebabkan kebutaan.

Pada kasus glaukoma kongenital, sel dan jaringan mata pada bayi tidak terbentuk sempurna sejak dalam kandungan. Hal ini menyebabkan bayi mengalami gangguan drainase sejak dalam kandungan.

Hingga saat ini belum diketahui dengan pasti penyebab terjadinya glaukoma kongenital. Namun banyak ahli menduga hal ini disebabkan oleh fakor keturunan. Apabila dalam keluarga terdapat riwayat glaukoma, maka si kecil memiliki risiko mengalami glaukoma kongenital.

 

Tanda-Tanda Glaukoma Kongenital

Beberapa tanda mata anak mengalami glaukoma kongenital dapat terlihat segera ketika bayi lahir, atau setelah bayi berusia 3 bulan, ketika sudah mampu menunjukkan respon pada penglihatannya. Berikut ini tanda-tanda bayi mengalami glaukoma kongenital yang perlu diwaspadai:

Ukuran Mata Lebih Besar

Mata anak yang mengalami glaukoma kongenital cenderung berukuran lebih besar. Lapisan luar mata anak jauh lebih lembut dan lebih fleksibel dibanding mata orang dewasa sehingga jika ada tekanan bola mata meningkat maka mata anak tampak lebih besar.

Sering Keluar Air Mata Berlebihan (Epifora)

Salah satu tanda utama anak mengalami glaukoma kongenital adalah mata anak sering berair. Meskipun mata berair merupakan respon normal terhadap adanya benda asing atau iritasi, namun ketika tekanan bola mata yang tinggi ditambah lagi dengan adanya paparan cahaya dan pembengkakan di dalam mata maka mata anak akan sering berair.

Sensitif pada Cahaya

Anak dengan mata glaukoma kongenital cenderung merasa lebih sensitif pada paparan cahaya. Anda dapat melihat respon tersebut ketika menyalakan atau meredupkan lampu kamar. Jika anak tampak terganggu dengan paparan cahaya, diikuti dengan gejala lainnya, sebaiknya periksakan untuk kemungkinan anak mengalami glaukoma.


Glaukoma kongenital adalah penyakit gangguan mata yang dapat dialami sejak kecil dan berakibat kebutaan. Apabila dalam keluarga terdapat riwayat glaukoma dan si kecil menunjukkan tanda-tanda glaukoma sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Semakin dini glaukoma dideteksi maka kemungkinan kebutaan dan kerusakan mata dapat segera diatasi.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 21:53

Glaucoma. Glaucoma in Babies and Children. Available from: https://glaucoma.uk/about-glaucoma/what-is-glaucoma/glaucoma-in-babies-and-children/#

Saling, J. (2020). What Is Primary Congenital Glaucoma?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/primary-congenital-glaucoma

Boyd. K. (2021). What Is Glaucoma? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma

Glaucoma. Childhood Glaucoma. Available from: https://glaucoma.org/childhood-glaucoma/

 

 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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