Gejala dan Penyebab Disleksia Yang Orang Tua Wajib Tahu

Gejala dan Penyebab Disleksia Yang Orang Tua Wajib Tahu

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Disleksia adalah gangguan yang melibatkan kesulitan membaca entah karena masalah identifikasi suara, atau menerjemahkan huruf dan kata-kata.

Penderita disleksia tidak menunjukkan ciri fisik khusus, mereka seperti anak normal pada umumnya, kecerdasan dan penglihatan yang dimiliki juga normal. Anak yang menderita disleksia bisa tetap bersekolah dengan baik dengan bantuan terapi dan pendidikan khusus.

Sekalipun dikatakan tidak ada obat untuk disleksia, namun dengan mengetahui gejalanya lebih cepat, akan membantu meringankan dan mengatasinya.

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, berikut adalah beberapa gejala dan tanda disleksia:

Pada anak pra sekolah

  • Terlambat berbicara
  • Mempelajari kata baru dengan sangat lama
  • Kesulitan menyusun kata sehingga kata yang diucapkan tidak sesuai dengan kata yang dimaksud
  • Kesulitan mengingat huruf, angka dan warna
  • Kesulitan belajar dan menyanyikan lagu

Pada anak usia sekolah

Gejala disleksia akan semakin mudah ditemukan pada usia sekolah. Guru dan orang tua harus bekerja sama dalam mengenali gejala tersebut.

  • Kemampuan membaca yang rendah
  • Kesulitan memahami dan mengerti apa yang didengar
  • Kesulitan menemukan kata dan menyusun kata saat menjawab pertanyaan
  • Kesulitan mengingat urutan
  • Kesulitan menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan huruf dan kata-kata
  • Tidak mampu mengucapkan kata-kata yang asing
  • Kesulitan mengeja
  • Membutuhkan waktu yang lama apabila mengerjakan tugas yang berhubungan dengan membaca dan menulis
  • Menghindari aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan membaca

Pada anak usia remaja dan orang dewasa

Gejala disleksia pada usia remaja dan orang dewasa kurang lebih sama, namun pada level ini segala sesuatunya terlihat memburuk

  • Kesulitan membaca, termasuk membaca dengan suara nyaring
  • Kegiatan membaca dan menulis yang sangat lambat
  • Kesulitan dalam mengeja
  • Menghindari kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan membaca
  • Salah mengucapkan nama, kata-kata dan menyusun kata
  • Kesulitan memahami humor dan ekspresi
  • Menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang berhubungan dengan membaca dan menulis
  • Kesulitan menyimpulkan cerita
  • Kesulitan belajar bahasa asing
  • Kesulitan mengingat
  • Kesulitan mengerjakan soal matematika

Penyebab disleksia

Katie Davis, PsyD, seorang neuropsikolog pendidikan dan peneliti ilmu saraf yang berbasis di New York City, seperti dikutip dari Everydayhealth mengatakan bahwa, "disleksia disebabkan karena adanya disfungsi sirkuit syaraf yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan membaca." Sirkuit syaraf ini melibatkan daerah di lobus temporal dan frontal di belahan otak kiri, yang bertanggung jawab atas pemahaman dan ekspresi bahasa.

Disleksia juga bisa dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, di antaranya:

  • Adanya riwayat genetik keluarga yang juga menderita disleksia
  • Kelahiran prematur atau berat badan lahir di bawah normal
  • Paparan narkoba, alkohol, rokok, yang kemudian mempengaruhi perkembangan otak janin
  • Perbedaan individual yang terjadi di bagian otak yang fungsinya untuk membaca

Disleksia dapat memicu problem terutama yang berhubungan dengan kondisi psikis, misalnya seperti kesulitan dalam belajar dan bersosialisasi. Ketika gejala awal sudah diketahui, segera dapatkan pertolongan ahli untuk membantu anak agar tetap dapat bersekolah dan hidup normal.

 

Higuera, Valencia.(2020). What Is Dyslexia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Everydayhealth. Available from : https://www.everydayhealth.com/dyslexia/

 

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Dyslexia. Mayoclinic. Available from :  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353552

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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.5msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6617 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10095 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7501 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 7501
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.09msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.22msselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\TermPolicy
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      App\Models\Admin\Tag
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      App\User
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          Date ↕MethodURLData
          #12025-04-12 01:59:15GET/penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-disleksia-yang-orang-tua-wajib-tahu112737