Faktor Risiko Psoriasis yang Perlu Diwaspadai

Faktor Risiko Psoriasis yang Perlu Diwaspadai
Ilustrasi psoriasis. Credit: Freepik

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Psoriasis adalah salah satu masalah kulit yang banyak dialami dan menyebabkan kulit bersisik, menebal serta gatal. Banyak yang menganggap psoriasis adalah masalah kulit seperti eksim, namun sebenarnya kondisi ini disebabkan oleh gangguan autoimun. Beberapa kondisi bisa menjadi faktor risiko kambuhnya psoriasis. Apa saja faktor risiko psoriasis? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Penyebab Psoriasis

Psoriasis adalah gangguan autoimun yang ditandai dengan kulit meradang dan bersisik. Jika normalnya tubuh memproduksi sel kulit baru dalam waktu satu bulan, pengidap psoriasis dapat menghasilkan sel kulit baru hanya dalam beberapa hari.

Sistem kekebalan Anda terlalu aktif dan tubuh tidak bisa melepaskan sel kulit lebih cepat dari produksinya sehingga sel kulit menumpuk, menyebabkan kulit menjadi merah, gatal, dan bersisik.

Hingga saat ini belum diketahui penyebab psoriasis sepenuhnya. Para ahli menganggap psoriasis sebagai masalah sistem kekebalan tubuh di mana sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang sel-sel kulit yang sehat secara tidak sengaja. Kondisi ini tidak menular antara satu orang dengan yang lain. Para ahli juga meyakini bahwa psoriasis juga dapat dipengaruhi faktor genetik dan lingkungan.

Baca Juga: Perbedaan Antara Eksim dan Psoriasis

 

Faktor Risiko Psoriasis

Para ilmuwan masih terus melakukan penelitian mengenai psoriasis dan pemicunya. Mereka berpendapat bahwa selain faktor genetik, faktor lain seperti lingkungan juga dapat meningkatkan risiko psoriasis. Beberapa faktor risiko yang dapat memicu perkembangan psoriasis di antaranya:

Stres

Stres sebenarnya tidak menyebabkan psoriasis, namun stres dapat memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan menyebabkan psoriasis kambuh. Sebaliknya, psoriasis akut juga dapat menyebabkan stres yang memperparah kondisi kesehatan Anda. Jika stres kerap menjadi pemicu psoriasis, Anda dapat mengendalikan dengan latihan relaksasi seperti yoga, meditasi dan latihan pernapasan.

Cedera kulit

Segala jenis trauma pada kulit seperti sayatan, goresan, luka operasi, luka bakar, sengatan matahari juga dapat memicu timbulnya psoriasis. Belum diketahui mekanismenya secara pasti, namun para ahli berpendapat hal ini disebabkan oleh protein peradangan merangsang kulit secara berlebihan dan mengaktifkan antibodi autoimun yang memicu respon peradangan.

Obat-obatan

Penggunaan jenis obat-obatan tertentu juga dapat memicu kambuhnya psoriasis. Beberapa jenis obat yang diketahui dapat memicu kambuhnya psoriasis antara lain lithium untuk mengobati kesehatan mental, obat antimalaria, obat beta-blocker, dan quinidine untuk mengobati detak jantung yang tidak teratur. 

Orang yang memiliki masalah sistem kekebalan tubuh seperti pengidap HIV/AIDS, orang yang sedang menjalani pengobatan kemoterapi juga berisiko lebih sering mengalami kambuhnya psoriasis.

Baca Juga: Tips Perawatan Psoriasis pada Kulit Kepala

Riwayat keluarga

Jika dalam keluarga Anda memiliki riwayat pengidap psoriasis, maka Anda memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami psoriasis. Begitu jika jika Anda dan pasangan memiliki riwayat psoriasis, kemungkinan anak-anak Anda juga berisiko mengidap psoriasis.

Obesitas

Sebuah penelitian di tahun 2017 mengungkapkan bahwa obesitas dapat memicu psoriasis. Sel penyimpan lemak yang berlebihan dapat merangsang produksi sitokin yang menandakan peradangan. Area lipatan kulit yang menyimpan lemak seperti ketiak, bawah payudara, lipatan selangkangan dan perut juga berisiko memicu gesekan yang menyebabkan psoriasis. 

Di sisi lain obesitas juga dapat memengaruhi pengobatan psoriasis, sehingga memerlukan peningkatan dosis untuk mencapai efek yang diinginkan. Hal ini dapat memicu efek samping dalam pengobatan psoriasis. 

 

Psoriasis adalah masalah kulit yang disebabkan oleh gangguan autoimun. Selain faktor genetik, faktor lingkungan juga dapat memicu kambuhnya psoriasis. Jika Anda memiliki masalah psoriasis, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang terdapat pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 24 Mei 2024 | 05:39

Brannon, H. (2024). Causes and Risk Factors of Psoriasis. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-psoriasis-1069499

NHS. Psoriasis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/psoriasis/causes/

Mayo Clinic. Psoriasis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/psoriasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355840

Fletcher, J. (2024). What to know about plaque psoriasis. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315502

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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