6 Hal yang Dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Terkena Limfoma

6 Hal yang Dapat Meningkatkan Risiko Terkena Limfoma

Bagikan :


Limfoma, atau yang lebih umum dikenal dengan kanker getah bening adalah merupakan salah satu jenis kanker darah yang paling sering terjadi. Limfoma adalah kanker yang berkembang pada sel darah putih (limfosit) yang berperan penting dalam melindungi tubuh dari infeksi atau penyakit.

Limfosit tersebar dalam sistem limfatik yang berada di seluruh tubuh manusia yang meliputi kelenjar getah bening, limpa, sumsum tulang dan kelenjar timus. Ketika terjadi mutasi atau perubahan genetik pada sel limfosit, sel akan berkembang secara tidak normal. Sel yang tidak normal ini kemudian berkembang biak dan menyebabkan penumpukan sehingga memicu pembengkakan pada kelenjar getah bening. Kondisi inilah yang kemudian berkembang mejadi gejala limfoma.

Penyebab dan faktor risiko limfoma (kanker getah bening)

Hingga saat ini, para ahli belum dapat mengungkapkan penyebab utama terjadinya limfoma. Para ahli juga meyakini bahwa jenis limfoma Hodgkin dan limfoma non-Hodgkin dapat memiliki faktor risiko yang berbeda, begitu pun dengan tipe-tipe limfoma lainnya. Namun secara umum para ahli mengungkapkan bahwa limfoma berkaitan dengan faktor risiko berikut:

1. Usia dan jenis kelamin

Gangguan limfoma dapat muncul pada usia remaja hingga dewasa. Sebagian besar kasus limfoma Hodgkin terjadi pada orang yang berusia 15-30 tahun. Sedangkan pada kasus limfoma non-Hodgkin, risiko akan meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa para lansia memiliki risiko lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dewasa usia pralansia. Selain itu, kasus limfoma juga lebih sering terjadi pada pria dibandingkan wanita.

2. Riwayat kesehatan keluarga

Limfoma sebenarnya bukan merupakan penyakit keturunan atau genetik. Namun, jika dalam keluarga ada yang memiliki riwayat kanker getah bening, maka Anda memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami limfoma.

Meskipun demikian, para ahli menyatakan bahwa hal ini tidak ada kaitannya dengan genetik. Faktor gaya hidup dianggap lebih banyak berperan dalam memicu risko limfoma pada keluarga.

3. Pernah terinfeksi virus dan bakteri tertentu

Beberapa infeksi dapat meningkatkan risiko limfoma dalam beberapa cara. Sejumlah virus seperti human T-cell lymphotropic (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr (EBV), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) dapat memengaruhi DNA limfosit yang meningkatkan risiko limfoma.

Beberapa infeksi jangka panjang juga dapat meningkatkan risiko limfoma dengan memaksa kekebalan tubuh terus aktif melawan infeksi. Semakin sering melawan infeksi, limfosit memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk mengalami mutasi yang dapat berkembang menjadi limfoma. Infeksi tersebut di antaranya disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydophila psittaci, dan virus hepatitis C.

4. Gangguan kekebalan tubuh

Orang dengan masalah kekebalan tubuh memiliki faktor risko lebih tinggi terkena limfoma. Beberapa kondisi tersebut di antaranya konsumsi obat imunosupresif (obat untuk menekan sistem kekebalan tubuh), gangguan imunodefisiiensi (sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah), terpapar HIV, dan mengalami gangguan autoimun (penyakit yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh).

5. Mengalami obesitas

Orang yang memiliki gaya hidup tidak sehat dan mengalami obesitas memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami limfoma dibandingkan orang dengan berat badan ideal. Belum diketahui hubungan antara obesitas dengen limfoma, namun para ahli menduga hal ini disebabkan oleh obesitas yang memang dapat melemahkan fungsi kekebalan tubuh.

6. Sering terpapar zat kimia beracun

Paparan bahan kimia seperti pestisida, herbisida, pelarut dan bahan kimia organik juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terkenan limfoma. Jika Anda banyak menghabiskan waktu di area yang terpapar zat kimia tersebut maka sebaiknya gunakan pelindung diri yang sesuai.

Itulah beberapa faktor risiko limfoma. Bila Anda memiliki faktor risiko di atas dan muncul gejala limfoma seperti pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, demam, badan mudah lelah, dan berat badan turun drastis maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:44
  1. Lymphoma Action. Causes and Risk Factors Lymphoma (2021). Available from : Lymphoma Action | Causes and risk factors for lymphoma (lymphoma-action.org.uk)
  2. Kemenkes RI. Apa Saja Faktor Risiko yang Meningkatkan Terjadinya Penyakit Limfoma? (2020). Available from : Apa saja faktor risiko yang meningkatkan terjadinya penyakit Limfoma? - Direktorat P2PTM (kemkes.go.id)
  3. Cancer.Net. Lymphoma-Hodgkin : Risk Factors (2020). Available from : Lymphoma - Hodgkin: Risk Factors | Cancer.Net
  4. Cancer.Net. Lymphoma-Non-Hodgkin : Risk Factors (2021). Available from : Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin: Risk Factors | Cancer.Net
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 660
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1392 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1392
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8308 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8308
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    2Tag.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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