Berbagai Penyebab Tenggorokan Gatal dan Pencegahannya

Berbagai Penyebab Tenggorokan Gatal dan Pencegahannya
Ilustrasi tenggorokan gatal. Credits: Freepik

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Tenggorokan gatal adalah kondisi di mana tenggorokan mengalami iritasi sehingga menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan saat berbicara maupun menelan. Hal ini biasanya bukan sesuatu yang serius dan bisa dicegah. Ketahui apa saja penyebab tenggorokan gatal dan cara pencegahannya.

 

Penyebab Tenggorokan Gatal

Alergi

Alergi adalah salah satu penyebab tenggorokan gatal. Ketika Anda mengalami reaksi alergi terhadap suatu zat atau alergen tertentu, sistem kekebalan tubuh akan bereaksi dan memproduksi zat kimia (termasuk histamin) sehingga menyebabkan berbagai gejala termasuk gatal di tenggorokan.

Beberapa jenis alergen yang dapat menyebabkan tenggorokan gatal seperti serbuk sari, debu, bulu hewan, makanan tertentu, polusi udara, asap rokok, dan bahan kimia.

Gatal di tenggorokan akibat alergi biasanya juga disertai gejala lain seperti sensasi terbakar, pembengkakan, batuk dan bersin, serta hidung tersumbat.

Infeksi virus dan bakteri

Infeksi virus dan bakteri juga dapat menjadi penyebab umum tenggorokan gatal. Infeksi virus seperti flu, pilek, atau, bahkan Covid-19 menyebabkan peradangan pada selaput lendir di tenggorokan, yang mengakibatkan tenggorokan terasa gatal dan sakit. Gejala ini bisa berlangsung selama beberapa hari hingga beberapa minggu, tergantung pada jenis virus dan kekuatan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Meskipun jarang terjadi, infeksi bakteri seperti Streptococcus dapat menyebabkan radang parah pada tenggorokan, yang biasanya disebut radang tenggorokan. Radang tenggorokan akibat infeksi bakteri sering disertai gejala seperti demam tinggi, pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening, sakit tenggorokan parah, kesulitan menelan, dan kadang-kadang muntah atau ruam kulit.

Baca Juga: Benarkah saat Radang Tenggorokan Tidak Boleh Minum Dingin?

Udara yang kering

Udara kering terutama selama musim dingin, sering menggunakan AC, atau turunnya kelembapan udara menyebabkan lapisan lendir di tenggorokan menjadi kering dan rentan terhadap iritasi. Selain menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan, ini juga meningkatkan risiko terjadinya infeksi pada tenggorokan karena lendir di tenggorokan bertugas membantu melindungi tubuh dari serangan virus atau bakteri.

Masalah pencernaan

Beberapa masalah pencernaan seperti refluks asam dan GERD dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada lapisan tenggorokan. Kondisi ini biasanya disertai gejala seperti tenggorokan gatal, sensasi terbakar di dada, naiknya kembali makanan atau cairan dari lambung ke kerongkongan, nyeri dada, serta mual dan muntah.

Pengobatan tertentu

Pengobatan tertentu dapat menyebabkan efek samping seperti tenggorokan gatal, misalnya golongan obat ACE inhibitor yang biasanya digunakan untuk mengobati tekanan darah tinggi dan penyakit jantung. Penggunaan ACE inhibitor secara oral dapat menyebabkan sensasi gatal di tenggorokan.

Ketika Anda menjalani kemoterapi atau terapi lain yang melibatkan obat-obatan yang kuat, seperti pengobatan kanker, tenggorokan gatal juga bisa menjadi tanda dari reaksi alergi terhadap obat. Penting untuk menginfokan gejala yang Anda rasakan pada dokter sehingga dokter dapat menyarankan jenis obat lain.

Baca Juga: Mengatasi Tenggorokan Gatal dengan Pengobatan Rumahan

 

Mencegah Tenggorokan Gatal

Untuk mencegah tenggorokan gatal terutama akibat alergi musiman, ada beberapa langkah yang perlu dilakukan, di antaranya:

  • Minum banyak air untuk menjaga tenggorokan tetap terhidrasi
  • Menghindari konsumsi kafein dan alkohol yang dapat menyebabkan tenggorokan dan saluran sinus kering
  • Menghindari paparan asap rokok atau polusi udara lain yang dapat mengiritasi saluran napas dan tenggorokan
  • Mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air untuk mengurangi risiko infeksi virus dan bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan pilek, flu, atau infeksi lain yang bisa mengiritasi tenggorokan
  • Saat musim bunga berkembang atau polusi sedang tinggi sebaiknya tutup jendela untuk mengurangi masuknya alergen atau partikel berbahaya ke dalam ruangan
  • Apabila Anda mengetahui pemicu alergi yang dapat menyebabkan tenggorokan gatal, hindari kontak langsung dengan bahan atau lingkungan yang memicunya

Dengan mengikuti langkah-langkah tersebut, Anda dapat mengurangi kemungkinan tenggorokan gatal akibat alergi dan infeksi virus maupun bakteri. Selain itu, disarankan untuk selalu menjaga pola hidup sehat dengan makan gizi seimbang, olahraga teratur, dan tidur cukup untuk mendukung sistem kekebalan tubuh dalam melawan iritasi dan infeksi.

 

Memiliki pertanyaan lain seputar masalah gatal atau iritasi di tenggorokan? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 18 Juni 2024 | 06:20

Cristina Mutchler (2023). Why Your Throat Can Get Itchy—And How to Relieve It. Available from: https://www.health.com/itchy-throat-7068946 

WebMD (2022). Remedies for an Itchy Throat. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/allergies/remedies-for-itchy-throat 

Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA (2019). Everything You Need to Know About Throat Irritation. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/itchy-throat 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8622-allergic-rhinitis-hay-fever 

Karthik Kumar, MBBS. How Do I Know If My Sore Throat Is Viral or Bacterial?. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/how_do_i_know_my_sore_throat_is_viral_or_bacterial/article.htm 

Rebecca Joy Stanborough, MFA (2020). 8 Ways Dry Air Can Affect Your Health. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dry-air 

David Railton (2023). Sore throat and acid reflux: What is the link?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315066 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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