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Pengangkatan Payudara, Ini Beda Mastektomi dan Lumpektomi

Pengangkatan Payudara, Ini Beda Mastektomi dan Lumpektomi
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Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang dapat menyerang baik pria maupun wanita. Salah satu cara penanganan kanker payudara adalah dengan prosedur pengangkatan jaringan payudara yang terkena kanker. Terdapat dua prosedur pengangkatan kanker payudara, yaitu mastektomi dan lumpektomi. Apa beda keduanya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Perbedaan Mastektomi dan Lumpektomi?

Dalam penanganan kanker payudara, operasi pembedahan atau pengangkatan payudara menjadi salah satu jenis penanganan yang banyak dilakukan, diikuti dengan radioterapi atau kemoterapi. Pada operasi pengangkatan payudara, terdapat beberapa jenis operasi yang disesuaikan dengan perkembangan kanker pasien, yaitu mastektomi dan lumpektomi.

 

Mastektomi

Mastektomi adalah operasi pengangkatan sebagian atau seluruh jaringan payudara. Pada pasien kanker payudara, mastektomi merupakan salah satu prosedur yang sering direkomendasikan untuk menyingkirkan sel kanker.

Selain berfungsi sebagai penanganan kanker, mastektomi juga dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya pencegahan pada seseorang yang berisiko tinggi terkena kanker payudara.

Terdapat enam jenis mastektomi, yaitu:

  • Mastektomi total atau sederhana: Pengangkatan seluruh jaringan payudara termasuk puting dan areola namun menyisakan kelenjar getah bening di ketiak
  • Mastektomi radikal modifikasi: Pengangkatan seluruh payudara dan sebagian kelenjar getah bening namun tidak mengangkat otot dada
  • Nipple-sparing mastectomy: Pengangkatan jaringan payudara yang menyisakan puting dan aerola
  • Skin-sparing mastectomy: Pengangkatan jaringan payudara termasuk puting dan areola namun menyisakan sebagian besar kulit di atas payudara
  • Double mastectomy: Pengangkatan jaringan kedua payudara secara bersamaan

Umumnya dokter akan merekomendasikan mastektomi pada pasien kanker dengan jenis kanker berikut:

  • Karsinoma duktal infiltratif
  • Infiltrasi karsinoma lobular
  • Kanker payudara tiga negatif (TNBC)
  • Kanker payudara inflamasi
  • Penyakit Paget pada payudara
  • Terbukti berisiko tinggi terkena kanker payudara

 

Baca Juga: Selain Pengidap Kanker Payudara, Siapa Saja yang Bisa Menjalani Mastektomi?

 

Lumpektomi

Jika prosedur mastektomi adalah pengangkatan seluruh jaringan payudara, maka lumpektomi adalah pengangkatan sebagian jaringan payudara. Prosedur lumpektomi juga dikenal sebagai prosedur mastektomi parsial. Prosedur ini banyak dipilih karena masih menyisakan jaringan payudara sehingga bentuk payudara terlihat alami.

Prosedur lumpektomi umumnya direkomendasikan pada pasien kanker berikut:

  • Kanker hanya memengaruhi satu area payudara
  • Tumor relatif kecil dibandingkan dengan ukuran payudara
  • Anda memiliki cukup jaringan yang tersisa untuk membentuk kembali payudara Anda setelah pengangkatan tumor
  • Anda dapat melakukan terapi radiasi untuk mengecilkan kanker

Biasanya, setelah menjalani operasi lumpektomi, pasien akan menjalani terapi radiasi untuk mencegah kanker tumbuh kembali.

 

Baca Juga: Daftar Makanan untuk Menurunkan Risiko Kanker Payudara 

 

Mana yang Lebih Baik, Mastektomi atau Lumpektomi?

Pemilihan prosedur mastektomi atau lumpektomi tergantung dari banyak faktor, di antaranya ukuran tumor, lokasi tumor dan kondisi kesehatan Anda secara keseluruhan. Lumpektomi adalah operasi yang minim invasif jika dibandingkan dengan mastektomi. Namun jika kanker tumbuh kembali, maka Anda perlu menjalani operasi pengangkatan payudara lagi. 

Sedangkan mastektomi adalah prosedur yang lebih invasif dari lumpektomi dan membutuhkan waktu rawat inap lebih lama dibandingkan lumpektomi. Masa pemulihan mastektomi juga lebih lama serta menimbulkan beberapa efek samping, yaitu:

  • Rasa nyeri
  • Bengkak
  • Kebas di dada atau lengan
  • Keterbatasan gerak di area operasi
  • Nyeri saraf
  • Penumpukan darah di area yang dioperasi

Prosedur mastektomi juga memberi efek psikologis bagi para wanita. Banyak wanita yang menjalani operasi rekonstruksi payudara setelah mastektomi yang tentunya membutuhkan biaya dan waktu penyembuhan lebih banyak.

Dalam menentukan prosedur mana yang akan dilakukan, dokter akan menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi Anda. Pastikan Anda sudah menjalani diskusi dengan dokter termasuk membicarakan prosedur, risiko, manfaat serta perawatan yang perlu dilakukan setelah operasi sebelum menjalani operasi pengangkatan payudara.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

 

Cancer Center. Lumpectomy vs. mastectomy: A plastic surgeon’s perspective. Available from: https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2021/09/lumpectomy-vs-mastectomy#

Breast Cancer. Mastectomy vs. Lumpectomy . Available from: https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/surgery/mastectomy-vs-lumpectom

Anthony, K. (2017). Lumpectomy vs. Mastectomy: Which Is Best for You?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/lumpectomy-vs-mastectomy

NHS. Mastectomy. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastectomy/#

Mayo Clinic. Mastectomy. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/m

astectomy/about/pac-20394670

American Cancer Society. Mastectomy. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/surgery-for-breast-cancer/mastectomy.html

Mayo Clinic. Lumpectomy. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lumpectomy/about/pac-20394650

 

Cleveland Clinic. Lumpectomy. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/12962-lumpectomy

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6672 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6672
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8746 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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