Perbedaan Antara Aterosklerosis dan Arteriosklerosis

Perbedaan Antara Aterosklerosis dan Arteriosklerosis
Credit: Freepik. Aterosklerosis yaitu penyempitan dan pengerasan pada pembuluh darah.

Bagikan :


Adanya masalah pada pembuluh darah dapat menyebabkan gangguan aliran darah ke seluruh tubuh. Salah satu masalah pada pembuluh darah yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan stroke adalah aterosklerosis, yaitu penyempitan dan pengerasan pada pembuluh darah.

Sering kali aterosklerosis dianggap sama dengan arteriosklerosis karena sama-sama menghambat aliran darah ke seluruh tubuh. Sebenarnya, apa perbedaan antara aterosklerosis dan arteriosklerosis?

 

Perbedaan Antara Aterosklerosis dan Arteriosklerosis

Aterosklerosis dan arteriosklerosis sering dianggap sama. Namun dilansir dari WebMD, aterosklerosis sebenarnya merupakan jenis arteriosklerosis yang lebih spesifik dengan penyebab, gejala dan penananan yang berbeda.

Arteriosklerosis

Arteriosklerosis adalah penyebutan untuk kondisi arteri yang menebal dan kaku. Pembuluh darah arteri yang sehat bersifat lentur dan elastis. Ketika pembuluh darah kaku, maka aliran darah akan terganggu dan menyebabkan masalah sirkulasi darah. Pembuluh darah yang kaku menyebabkan pembuluh darah menjadi keras.

Berdasarkan penyebabnya, arteriosklerosis dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa jenis, yaitu:

  • Nonatheromatous arteriosclerosis, yaitu penebalan arteri karena parut atau fibrosis
  • Monkeberg’s arteriosclerosis, yaitu mengerasnya dinding arteri karena kekurangan kalsium
  • Hyaline arteriosclerosis, yaitu mengerasnya pembuluh arteri dan arterioles pada pengidap diabetes
  • Hyperpalastic arteriosclerosis, yaitu kondisi mengerasnya pembuluh darah akibat penumpukan protein. Biasanya kondisi ini dialami orang yang mengalami tekanan darah tinggi
  • Aterosklerosis, yaitu mengerasnya pembuluh darah akibat penumpukan plak di arteri

 

Aterosklerosis

Seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelunya, aterosklerosis adalah salah satu jenis arteriosklerosis yang disebabkan oleh penumpukan plak di pembuluh darah. Penumpukan plak di pembuluh darah menyebabkan arteri menyempit sehingga mengganggu aliran darah.

Aterosklerosis adalah kondisi kerusakan pembuluh darah yang membutuhkan proses menahun namun bisa juga memburuk dengan cepat. Faktor risiko seseorang mengalami aterosklerosis di antaranya riwayat keluarga, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan makan makanan lemak jenuh dan kurang olahraga.

 

Gejala Aterosklerosis dan Arteriosklerosis

Tidak ada gejala khusus ketika Anda memiliki masalah pembuluh darah. Tak sedikit orang baru menyadari mereka memiliki masalah pembuluh darah ketika mengalami serangan jantung atau aneurisma (pelebaran atau penonjolan pembuluh darah akibat melemahnya pembuluh darah).

Beberapa tanda aterosklerois di antaranya:

  • Sakit dada
  • Sesak napas
  • Berkeringat
  • Nyeri di lengan atau bahu 
  • Merasa sakit
  • Batuk
  • Pusing
  • Sakit kepala parah
  • Kesulitan berbicara dan berjalan
  • Masalah penglihatan

 

Penanganan Aterosklerosis

Aterosklerosis dapat diatasi dengan perubahan gaya hidup, seperti berhenti merokok, makan makanan sehat dan rajin berolahraga. Pada kasus tertentu aterosklerosis juga perlu pengobatan dan prosedur bedah untuk mengatasi masalah pembuluh darah.

Beberapa obat-obatan yang bisa diberikan pada pasien aterosklerosis di antaranya statin untuk mengurai kolesterol, aspirin, dan obat-obatan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah dan kadar gula dalam darah.

Pada beberapa kasus, aterosklerosis membutuhkan penanganan lebih serius seperti angioplasti, pemasangan ring, dan endarterektomi untuk membuang tumpukan plak yang memenuhi dinding pembuluh arteri. Apabila aterosklerosis telah menimbulkan komplikasi seperti penyakit jantung koroner maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan operasi bypass.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 01:02

Mayo Clinic. Arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350569#

Whitten, C. (2021). What Is the Difference Between Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis?. Available from; https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/difference-between-atherosclerosis-arteriosclerosis

WebMD. (2021). Atherosclerosis. https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/what-is-atherosclerosis

NHS. Atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atherosclerosis/

 

Whitlock, J. (2021). Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, and Heart Surgery. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/atherosclerosis-arteriosclerosis-and-heart-surgery-3156967

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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