Apa itu Mati Batang Otak dan Penyebabnya

Apa itu Mati Batang Otak dan Penyebabnya
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Seseorang yang mengalami mati batang otak tidak sama dengan meninggal. Mati batang otak termasuk kondisi medis serius di mana seluruh otak yang mengendalikan fungsi-fungsi dasar tidak lagi mampu mengatur fungsi-fungsi tersebut. Dalam situasi ini, jantung masih berdetak namun seseorang telah kehilangan tanda-tanda kehidupan yang dapat diidentifikasi.

Di beberapa negara, mati batang otak menjadi kasus yang memungkinkan untuk mendapatkan deklarasi bahwa orang tersebut telah meninggal sehingga perawatan medis untuk menjaga organ-organ tubuh tetap bekerja akan dihentikan. Keputusan dan diagnosis meninggal diambil oleh tim medis berdasarkan kriteria mati batang otak.

 

Fungsi Batang Otak

Sebelum melangkah lebih jauh pada kriteria mati batang otak, terlebih dahulu Anda harus tahu apa saja fungsi batang otak. Batang otak adalah bagian penting sistem saraf pusat yang menghubungkan otak dan sumsum tulang belakang. Bagian inilah yang mengendalikan fungsi otomatis bagi kelangsungan hidup termasuk pernapasan, denyut jantung, tekanan darah dan menelan.

Batang otak juga mengirimkan sinyal-sinyal penting antara otak dan tubuh yang memungkinkan fungsi otak yang lebih tinggi seperti kesadaran, kewaspadaan, dan pergerakan. Jika batang otak mengalami kerusakan yang serius, maka fungsi-fungsi dasar tersebut secara otomatis akan terganggu. Kondisi mati batang otak termasuk kondisi yang tidak dapat dipulihkan dan biasanya menandai akhir dari kehidupan seseorang.

 

Baca Juga: Seperti Apa Peradangan Otak (Ensefalitis) yang Disebabkan Virus Nipah?

 

Kriteria Mati Batang Otak

Untuk dinyatakan mati batang otak ada beberapa kriteria yang perlu dipenuhi, di antaranya:

  • Harus dipastikan tidak sadarkan diri dan gagal merespons rangsangan dari luar
  • Detak jantung dan pernapasan hanya bisa dipertahankan dengan ventilator
  • Adanya bukti jelas bahwa telah terjadi kerusakan otak yang serius dan tidak dapat disembuhkan

 

Penyebab Mati Batang Otak

Mati batang otak terutama terjadi akibat asupan darah atau oksigen yang terhenti di otak. Tidak adanya suplai oksigen atau darah ke otak itu sendiri disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, di antaranya:

Serangan jantung mendadak

Serangan jantung mendadak atau sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) adalah hilangnya aktivitas jantung secara tiba-tiba karena irama jantung tidak teratur. Pada saat ini pernapasan akan terhenti dan seseorang bisa tidak sadarkan diri.

Dalam hal ini, seseorang yang mengalami SCA perlu mendapatkan resusitasi jantung paru (CPR) dan bantuan alat defibrilator eskternal otomatis (AED).

Perlu dicatat bahwa serangan jantung mendadak tidak sama dengan serangan jantung. Serangan jantung mendadak tidak disebabkan oleh penyumbatan sebagaimana serangan jantung.

 

Serangan jantung

Serangan jantung dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius pada jantung dan pada beberapa kasus dapat mengakibatkan mati batang otak. Serangan jantung terjadi ketika aliran darah ke sebagian otot jantung terganggu atau terhenti sepenuhnya. Biasanya ini terjadi akibat adanya penyumbatan arteri koroner yang mengalirkan darah ke jantung. Serangan jantung yang tidak diatasi dapat menyebabkan kematian sel-sel jantung dan menghasilkan berbagai komplikasi serius termasuk gagal jantung, aritmia jantung dan juga stok kardiogenik.

 

Baca Juga: 5 Kondisi Kesehatan yang Dapat Menyebabkan Perdarahan Otak

 

Stroke

Stroke terjadi ketika aliran darah ke bagian otak tertentu terganggu, baik karena penyumbatan arteri maupun karena perdarahan di dalam otak. Semua hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel otak yang memengaruhi berbagai fungsi penting.

Stroke mengganggu aliran darah ke otak dan memutus pasokan oksigen serta nutrisi. Jika sel-sel otak kehilangan pasokan oksigen dalam waktu lama, mereka akan mati dan mengalami kerusakan permanen.

 

Penyumbatan pembuluh darah

Penyumbatan pembuluh darah menyebabkan kurangnya aliran darah ke bagian otak yang bisa memicu kerusakan pada otak termasuk kerusakan di batang otak. Dengan kerusakan di batang otak maka Anda akan kehilangan kemampuan menjaga berbagai fungsi vital tubuh.

 

Selain kondisi di atas, mati batang otak bisa terjadi apabila Anda mengalami cedera kepala parah, perdarahan di kepala, infeksi atau tumor otak.

Mati batang otak biasanya dianggap sebagai titik akhir kehidupan, walaupun fungsi vitalnya bisa dipertahankan dengan dukungan medis. Bicarakan dengan dokter lebih lanjut terkait perawatan dan dukungan hidup setelah mati batang otak dan bagaimana kebijakan yang berlaku di Indonesia.

Memiliki gejala kesehatan yang tidak biasa atau ingin tahu lebih banyak tentang penyebab mati batang otak? Anda bisa mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care dan mendapatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan daring di sana.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 4 Oktober 2023 | 04:11

NHS Inform (2023). Brain stem death. Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/brain-stem-death 

Nidirect. Brain stem death. Available from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/brain-stem-death 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Sudden cardiac arrest. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/symptoms-causes/syc-20350634 

WebMD (2023). Heart Attack. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-heart-attacks 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2023). What Is a Stroke?. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stroke 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Blood Clots. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/17675-blood-clots 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new660μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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        #12025-04-14 17:13:10GET/penyakit/apa-itu-mati-batang-otak-dan-penyebabnya2102744