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Angioplasti, Prosedur Perawatan Untuk Mengatasi Serangan Jantung

Angioplasti, Prosedur Perawatan Untuk Mengatasi Serangan Jantung
Ilustrasi prosedur medis. Credit: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Berbicara mengenai penyakit jantung, mungkin Anda pernah mendengar mengenai angioplasti. Prosedur yang juga dikenal dengan nama PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) ini merujuk pada prosedur pembedahan yang dilakukan untuk membuka pembuluh darah jantung yang tersumbat. Seperti apa prosedur angioplasti dan kapan prosedur ini dilakukan? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Angioplasti?

Angioplasti adalah prosedur medis yang dilakukan ketika arteri koroner jantung mengalami penyumbatan. Pembuluh darah yang menyumbat tersebut akan dibuka agar bisa kembali mendarahi otot jantung dengan baik. Sumbatan ini biasanya terjadi karena penumpukan plak lemak di dalam dinding pembuluh.

 

Kapan Angioplasti Dilakukan?

Prosedur ini sering dilakukan sebagai terapi gawat darurat yang dilakukan segera pada serangan jantung. Semakin cepat pasien menerima pengobatan, akan semakin rendah risiko komplikasi yang bisa terjadi. Dokter bisa merekomendasikan prosedur ini untuk:

  • Meningkatkan aliran darah ke jantung
  • Mengurangi keluhan nyeri dada 
  • Menunjang aktivitas penderita jantung terutama yang sering merasakan keluhan sakit dada

Angioplasti biasanya dilakukan bila pengobatan standar atau perubahan gaya hidup yang sudah dilakukan masih belum meningkatkan kesehatan jantung. Selain itu, jika keluhan nyeri dada semakin memburuk atau aliran darah ke jantung perlu diperbaiki segera, prosedur ini bisa menjadi salah satu pilihan pengobatan. Dokter spesialis jantung akan menilai keparahan penyakit jantung dan kesehatan Anda sebelum menentukan terapi terbaik untuk Anda.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Angioplasti

Pada prosedur angioplasti yang dilakukan untuk kondisi tidak gawat darurat, ada beberapa hal yang bisa Anda persiapkan. Dokter akan memeriksa riwayat medis Anda serta melakukan serangkaian pemeriksaan untuk memeriksa kesehatan jantung dan kondisi lain yang dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi.

Informasikan pada dokter mengenai obat-obatan dan suplemen yang Anda minum secara rutin. Dokter bisa menyesuaikan dosis atau meminta Anda menghentikan konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu sebelum angioplasti. Anda juga bisa diminta untuk berpuasa selama beberapa jam sebelum prosedur dimulai. Untuk obat yang harus diminum di pagi hari, Anda tetap bisa meminumnya dengan sedikit air.

 

Apa yang Terjadi Selama Angioplasti?

Anda akan mendapat pembiusan sebelum prosedur dilakukan. Selama prosedur, dokter akan memasukkan suatu selang atau kateter khusus ke dalam pembuluh, bisa dari area sela paha atau pergelangan tangan. Kemudian dengan bantuan pewarna kontras khusus x-ray dan video, kateter tersebut akan diarahkan menuju pembuluh yang tersumbat di jantung. 

Angioplasti sering diikuti dengan penempatan suatu stent atau ring jantung yang berbentuk seperti tabung berbentuk jaring kawat yang kecil. Stent ini akan membantu arteri koroner untuk tetap terbuka dan mengurangi kemungkinan pembuluh untuk kembali menyempit. Plak-plak lemak yang menumpuk akan terdorong sehingga dinding pembuluh arteri menjadi bersih. Angioplasti bisa berlangsung selama beberapa jam.

 

Risiko Prosedur Angioplasti

Angioplasti layaknya semua prosedur medis, juga memiliki risiko yang menyertai. Anda bisa memiliki reaksi alergi pada obat bius, cairan kontras atau bahan tertentu yang digunakan dalam prosedur angioplasti. Selain itu, risiko lain yang berkaitan dengan angioplasti adalah:

  • Pembuluh arteri menyempit kembali
  • Terbentuknya penggumpalan darah di dalam stent yang berpotensi menyumbat pembuluh arteri kembali
  • Memar atau pendarahan yang mungkin terjadi di area masuknya kateter 
  • Infeksi di area masuknya kateter
  • Jantung berdebar tidak teratur atau aritmia
  • Terjadinya serangan jantung saat prosedur dilakukan
  • Risiko rendah terjadinya stroke 
  • Detak jantung yang abnormal, baik terlalu cepat maupun terlalu lambat

Agar prosedur ini berjalan lancar, konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter sebelum memutuskan melakukannya. Pahami terlebih dahulu, manfaat dan risiko yang bisa terjadi. Ketahui lebih banyak tentang prosedur angioplasti dengan memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 19 Desember 2023 | 06:19

Mayo Clinic (2021). Coronary angioplasty and stents. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-angioplasty/about/pac-20384761

James Beckerman, MD, FACC (2020). Heart Disease Treatment With Angioplasty and Stents. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/treatment-angioplasty-stents#1

Danielle Dresden (2019). What to know about angioplasty. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327154

 

Ann Pietrangelo (2018). Angioplasty After a Heart Attack: Risks and Benefits. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-attack/angioplasty

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2038 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9350
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9931
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8494 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8494
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9742
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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