Pemeriksaan Gram

Pemeriksaan Gram
Credit: Technology Networks.

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Definisi

Pemeriksaan gram adalah pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui bila penyakit pasien disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Sampel pemeriksaan yang diambil nantinya akan diwarnai dengan zat pewarna primer (crystal violet) dan zat pewarna sekunder (safranin atau fuchsin), kemudian diperiksa di bawah mikroskop. Secara umum, melalui pemeriksaan ini bakteri akan dikelompokkan berdasarkan hasil pewarnaan serta bentuknya.

Hasil Pewarnaan

  • Bakteri Gram Positif
    • Memiliki komponen peptidoglikan yang tebal pada dinding sel 
    • Bakteri bisa menyerap zat pewarna crystal violet, sehingga di bawah mikroskop akan terlihat berwarna biru atau ungu
  • Bakteri Gram Negatif
    • Memiliki komponen peptidoglikan yang tipis dan lemak yang tinggi pada dinding sel
    • Tidak bisa menyerap zat pewarna crystal violet namun berwarna pink setelah diberi zat pewarna fuchsin

Bentuk

  • Bulat
  • Batang

Pemeriksaan gram memiliki banyak keunggulan karena hasil pemeriksaan bisa diperoleh dalam waktu cepat dengan harga murah. Namun, perlu diketahui bahwa terdapat banyak jenis bakteri yang masuk ke dalam kelompok bakteri gram positif dan bakteri gram negatif. Oleh karena itu, pemeriksaan ini hanya bisa menentukan kelompok besar bakteri secara umum, tidak bisa menentukan secara spesifik bakteri penyebab infeksi. Dibutuhkan pemeriksaan lanjutan untuk menentukan jenis bakteri spesifik seperti pemeriksaan kultur.

Pada saat pemeriksaan gram juga dapat dilihat adanya sel darah putih yang menjadi salah satu penanda adanya infeksi pada tubuh. Dari pemeriksaan ini, nantinya akan memudahkan dokter dalam menentukan penyebab infeksi dan jenis antibiotik yang akan diberikan pada pasien. Ada beberapa antibiotik yang memiliki kemampuan mennghambat atau membunuh sesuai dengan jenis bakteri gram positif atau negatif. Diharapkan dengan pemilihan antibiotik yang sesuai jenis bakteri penyebab infeksi, pengobatan bisa berjalan maksimal dan pasien cepat mencapai kesembuhan.

 

Indikasi

Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk beberapa tujuan dan pada kondisi medis tertentu seperti di bawah ini:

  • Jika anda mengalami keluhan demam, nyeri, bengkak atau nanah pada luka. Gejala tersebut umum terjadi pada infeksi bakteri.
  • Untuk mencari tahu bila Anda terinfeksi bakteri.
  • Untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri penyebab infeksi yaitu bakteri gram positif atau negatif.
  • Untuk memudahkan diagnosis dan deteksi dini adanya infeksi bakteri terutama pada kasus pneumonia dan infeksi saluran kemih.
  • Untuk menentukan jenis antibiotik yang efektif dan sesuai dengan jenis bakteri yang menginfeksi.

 

Kontraindikasi

Tidak ada kondisi medis tertentu yang menjadi kontraindikasi tidak bisa dilakukannya pemeriksaan ini. Pemeriksaan pewarnaan gram bisa dilakukan oleh siapa saja.

 

Persiapan Sebelum Pemeriksaan

Tidak ada persiapan khusus seperti puasa yang harus dilakukan sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan ini.

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan

Pada pemeriksaan ini dapat menggunakan beberapa sampel pemeriksaan yang diambil dari bagian tubuh yang mengalami keluhan, seperti:

  • Kulit
  • Tenggorokan
  • Urine
  • Tinja
  • Duh kelamin
  • Darah
  • Cairan sendi
  • Cairan serebrospinal (ditemukan di selaput otak dan sumsum tulang)

Pada pengumpulan sampel urine, tinja, atau dahak, petugas akan memberikan botol atau tabung steril sebagai tempat penampungan sampel. Petugas lalu akan menginformasikan Anda lebih lanjut terkait cara pengumpulan sampel. Jangan membuka-tutup tabung sebelum pengumpulan sampel karena dapat menimbulkan kontaminasi kuman lain pada sampel. Sampel pemeriksaan kemudian diberikan zat pewarna untuk diidentifikasi lebih lanjut di bawah mikroskop.

 

Nilai Normal dan Abnormal

Hasil pemeriksaan gram dikatakan normal atau negatif bila tidak ditemukan bakteri saat sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan alat mikroskop. Hal ini menandakan bahwa sampel yang diperiksa tidak mengandung bakteri.

Namun, bila pemeriksaan menunjukkan hasil yang positif, berarti terdapat bakteri pada sampel pemeriksaan yang terindentifikasi saat diperiksa di bawah mikroskop. Selanjutnya, bakteri akan diperiksa karakteristiknya sesuai dengan beberapa komponen di bawah ini:

  • Jenis bakteri, apakah bakteri berwarna biru-ungu (bakteri gram positif) atau berwarna merah (bakteri gram negatif).
  • Bentuk bakteri, dapat berupa bentuk bulat atau batang. 
  • Karakteristik bakteri
    • Ukuran besar atau kecil.
    • Jumlah bakteri sedikit atau banyak.
    • Susunan bakteri dapat bergerombol, berpasangan, membentuk rantai atau bahkan satu-satu.
  • Bila ditemukan hal lain seperti sel darah merah atau sel darah putih. Adanya sel darah putih memperkuat bukti adanya infeksi yang terjadi dalam tubuh.

 

Hasil dan Saran (Pemeriksaan Lanjutan)

Apabila hasil pemeriksaan gram Anda negatif, berarti tidak terdapat infeksi bakteri yang sedang berlangsung di tubuh Anda. Mungkin saja gejala dan keluhan yang Anda alami disebabkan oleh penyebab lainnya.

Namun jika pemeriksaan gram menunjukkan hasil positif, maka ada bakteri yang menginfeksi area tubuh Anda sesuai sampel yang diperiksa. Selanjutnya, hasil pemeriksaan akan memberikan informasi mengenai karakteristik bakteri penyebab infeksi. Walaupun tidak bisa mengetahui secara pasti bakteri penyebab infeksi, petugas kesehatan bisa menduga kemungkinan bakteri penyebab.

  • Bakteri gram positif berbentuk bulat maka kemungkinan bakteri penyebab adalah:
    • Staphylococcus aureus yang sering menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit
    • Streptococcus pneumonia sebagai bakteri penyebab pneumonia
  • Bakteri gram positif bentuk bulat yaitu:
    • Neisseria meningitidis sebagai penyebab infeksi pada lapisan pelindung otak (meningitis)
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae yang menyebabkan infeksi menular seksual raja singa (gonore)
  • Bakteri gram negatif bentuk batang yang cukup sering menyebabkan infeksi saluran kemih adalah Escheria colli

Dari hasil pemeriksaan ini dokter akan menyesuaikan dengan tanda dan gejala yang Anda alam dan hasil pemeriksaan fisik yang dilakukan oleh dokter. Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui penyebab pasti jenis bakteri spesifik yang menyerang tubuh Anda, dokter akan merekomendasikan untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kultur. Diharapkan pengobatan dan terapi yang diperoleh bekerja efektif dalam melawan dan membunuh bakteri penyebab infeksi pada tubuh Anda.

 

Konsultasikan Ke Dokter yang Tepat

Jika hasil pemeriksaan gram Anda positif maka hal ini menunjukkan adanya kondisi infeksi. Sehingga Anda perlu segera berkonsultasi dengan dokter umum atau dokter penyakit dalam terdekat untuk mengetahui ringan atau beratnya infeksi yang terjadi. Serta menentukan pengobatan yang tepat untuk mengatasi infeksi yang ada.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 5 Agustus 2022 | 05:45

Tripati, N., & Sapra, A. (2022). Gram Staining (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing.

Gram Stain - Testing.com. Testing.com. (2021). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.testing.com/tests/gram-stain/

Gram Stain – Medline Plus. (2022). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/gram-stain/

Gram Stain – Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22612-gram-stain

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      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new9.71msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 4050, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-12 20:33:36', '2025-04-12 20:33:36')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 4050
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-12 20:33:36
      • 8: 2025-04-12 20:33:36
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.05msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 38 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 38
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9388 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9388
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 656 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 656
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new880μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 2
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6354 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6354
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 731 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 731
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.2msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 6 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 6
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8668 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8668
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9650 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9650
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9699 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9699
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2008 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2008
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.73msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2752 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2752
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3152 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3152
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5669 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5669
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7050 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7050
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.24msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new970μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.12msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    271Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    23Category.php#?
    App\User
    3User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
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        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-pemeriksaan/pemeriksaan-gram" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-pemeriksaan/pemeriksaan-gram
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "ua0ywWB2XlncjkpjvOkGSFeHQM0Okzip77KvQfIl" "laravel_session" => "MdxNZHRGwqQLhpyCOyrTXWsCE2ci1LyhKwHNhfVW" ]
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