Clodronate Dinatrium

Clodronate Dinatrium
Credit: Freepik.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Actabone, Bonefos, Clodronate Disodium Tetrahydrate.

 

Cara Kerja

Obat ini bekerja dengan cara menghambat proses perombakan sel tulang yang sudah rusak dan tua, yang dikenal dengan nama resorpsi tulang. Clodronate dapat menghambat proses resorpsi dalam beberapa cara. Pada kondisi tertentu terjadi proses resorpsi yang berlebihan yang menyebabkan kadar kalsium dalam darah meningkat (hiperkalsemia), seperti pada kanker dan osteoporosis. Obat ini akan membuat kalsium tidak akan dilepaskan ke dalam darah dan tetap berada di dalam tulang, sehingga kepadatan tulang akan terjaga.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan pada beberapa kondisi medis berikut, yaitu:

  • Peningkatan kadar kalsium darah akibat keganasan seperti kanker payudara
  • Terjadinya pengikisan tulang karena penyebaran sel kanker pada tulang

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak dapat diberikan pada beberapa kelompok tertentu seperti:

  • Pasien yang menunjukkan reaksi alergi berlebihan terhadap bifosfonat
  • Pasien sedang mengalami penyakit peradangan pada saluran cerna
  • Wanita hamil dan ibu menyusui
  • Pasien yang sedang menjalani pengobatan bifosfonat jenis lainya
  • Menderita gagal ginjal berat dengan nilai creatinine clearence <10 ml/menit (pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk menilai fungsi ginjal)

 

Efek Samping

Obat ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping baik ringan maupun berat. Efek samping yang ringan dan dapat muncul selama penggunaan obat ini antara lain:

  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Diare
  • Gatal pada kulit
  • Kulit kemerahan dan mengelupas
  • Penurunan kadar kalsium di bawah nilai normal yang tidak menimbulkan gejala

Efek samping yang jarang terjadi namun tergolong berat, bisa timbul dari penggunaan obat ini adalah:

  • Penurunan kalsium (hipokalemia) dan disertai dengan gejala
  • Peningkatan kadar hormon kelenjar paratiroid, yang berfungsi untuk mengendalikan kadar kalsium, fosfor, dan vitamin D di tubuh
  • Gangguan fungsi ginjal atau bahkan gagal ginjal
  • Gagal napas

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk:

  • Kapsul 400 mg
  • Vial larutan infus 
  • Ampul obat suntik 

 

Dosis

Dosis obat ini diberikan sesuai dengan kondisi medis yang dialami oleh pasien. Pada kondisi seperti gangguan ginjal dan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan creatinine clearance, dosis obat bisa diturunkan sampai 50%.

  • Peningkatan kadar kalsium darah pada pasien kanker
    • Infus
      • Bisa diberikan dengan dosis 300 mg perhari selama 2 jam sampai kadar kalsium darah mencapai normal, dengan lama pengobatan 7 hari
      • Bisa juga diberikan dosis 1.500 mg selama 4 jam dalam satu kali pemberian
    • Tablet
      • Obat diberikan untuk mempertahankan kadar kalsium darah tetap normal setelah diberikan terapi melalui infus
      • Dosis obat 1.600 - 2.400 mg dalam 1 atau 2 dosis terbagi, maksimal 3.200 mg perhari
  • Pengikisan tulang akibat penyebaran sel kanker
    • Dosis awal sebesar 1.600 mg dalam 1 atau 2 dosis terbagi, dapat ditingkatkan sesuai dengan kondisi medis pasien
    • Dosis maksimal 3.200 mg per hari

 

Keamanan

Pada kehamilan, obat ini dapat melewati jaringan plasenta, namun belum ada bukti memberikan dampak buruk pada janin. Obat ini belum diketahui bisa dikeluarkan melalui ASI atau tidak, sehingga obat ini tidak direkomendasikan untuk diberikan pada ibu hamil dan menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

Clodronate bisa berinteraksi dengan obat lain sehingga menimbulkan efek seperti berikut:

  • Penggunaan bersama obat antasida (mengatasi keluhan lambung) dan suplemen zat besi dapat menurunkan penyerapan clodronate, sehingga efek clodronate akan berkurang
  • Penurunan kadar kalsium darah (hipokalemia) bila diberikan bersama obat:
    • Antiobiotik golongan aminoglikosida
    • Diuretik
    • Kalsitonin
    • Kortikosteroid
    • Fosfat 
  • Interaksi obat ini dengan obat golongan NSAID seperti natrium diklofenak dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan ginjal

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 00:09

Clodronic Acid – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/clodronic%20acid?mtype=generic

Clodronic Acid (Oral Route, Injection Route) – MayoClinic. mayoclinic.com (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/clodronic-acid-oral-route-injection-route/description/drg-20063007

Bonefos – Badan POM RI. (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/obat-baru/bonefos

Clodronic Acid – drugs.com (2022). Retrieved 12 June 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/cons/clodronic-acid-oral-injection.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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