Amfetamine

Amfetamine
Credit: Medicalnewstoday. Gambaran sediaan amfetamin

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Obat ini tidak beredar di pasaran. Penggunaannya harus dengan resep dan pengawasan dokter. Obat ini termasuk golongan psikotropika.

 

Cara Kerja

Amfetamin adalah obat yang merangsang sistem saraf pusat dengan cara meningkatkan aktivitas senyawa kimia yang ada di otak seperti dopamin dan norepinefrin. Seperti diketahui sebelumnya bahwa dopamin berfungsi dalam membuat fokus perhatian, perasaan senang, tenang dan membantu pengaturan tidur.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan untuk pengobatan penyakit ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Dissorders) yaitu suatu penyakit dimana penderita memiliki gangguan dalam memusatkan perhatian yang terjadi pada anak. Selain itu, amfetamin digunakan pada pasien yang mengalami narkolepsi (tidur berlebihan tidak mengenal waktu dan tempat).

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak dapat diberikan pada beberapa kondisi medis seperti di bawah ini:

  • Alergi terhadap obat amfetamin
  • Penderita hipertensi
  • Gangguan cemas
  • Pasien hipertiroid (penyakit kelenjar tiroid)
  • Memiliki riwayat gagal jantung, penyakit serangan jantung, gangguan irama jantung, pembuluh darah yang menonjol (aneurisma) dan gangguan pembuluh darah.
  • Gangguan penglihatan pada pasien glaukoma (kerusakan saraf mata)

 

Efek Samping

Terdapat beberapa efek samping yang sering terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini yaitu:

  • Peningkatan detak jantung
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Nyeri, mual, muntah dan diare
  • Penurunan nafsu makan dan berat badan menurun
  • Nyeri kepala atau pusing
  • Perubahan suasana hati dan gangguan cemas
  • Mulut mengalami kering dan BAB keras (konstipasi)
  • Gangguan alat reproduksi seperti impoten pada laki-laki

Selain itu, terdapat efek samping fatal yang dapat mengancam nyawa seperti reaksi alergi berlebihan (anafilaksis) pasca penggunaan amfetamin dengan gejala kesulitan bernafas dan mengalami bengkak pada wajah, bibir, mulut dan tenggorokan.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet dan sirup.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat yang diberikan sesuai dengan usia dan tujuan pengobatan serta harus di bawah pengawasan dokter.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Dissorders)

  • Dewasa, dosis obat dimulai dari 5 mg diminum 1-2 kali sehari. Dosis dapat ditingkatkan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien. Namun dosis per harinya tidak melebihi 40 mg.
  • Anak usia 3-5 tahun, dosis obat sebesar 2.5 mg per hari, dapat dinaikan bergantung dengan respon pasien.

Narkolepsi

  • Dewasa, dosis awal 10 mg perhari, diminum pagi hari. Selanjutnya, dosis dinaikan sesuai kebutuhan, dengan dosis maksimal 60 mg per hari.
  • Anak usia 6-11 tahun, dosis obat 5 mg per hari diminum pagi hari.

 

Keamanan

Dalam kehamilan obat ini termasuk kategori C. Obat ini pada hewan uji coba menunjukkan efek buruk terhadap janin, namun pada manusia belum dilakukan penelitian. Sedangkan pada ibu menyusui obat ini tidak direkomendasikan, karena dapat terserap ke dalam ASI.

 

Interaksi Obat

Interaksi amfetamin dengan obat lain menimbulkan efek seperti di bawah ini:

  • Penggunaan bersama obat lambung (antasida, omeprazol) dapat meningkatkan efek samping dari amfetamin.
  • Interaksi dengan obat antidepresi golongan trisiklik seperti amitriptilin dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah dan risiko terjadinya gangguan jantung.
  • Dapat menurunkan efektivitas dari obat penurun tekanan darah seperti valsartan, lisinopril dan furosemid.
  • Jika digunakan bersama dengan obat antikejang seperti phenitoin dan phenobarbital dapat menurunkan efektivitas dari obat tersebut.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 12 April 2023 | 16:01

Martin, D., Jacquiline, KL. (2022). Amphetamine (p. A single page). StatPearls Publishing.

Amphetamine (Oral Route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/amphetamine-oral-route/description/drg-20150941

Newman, T. (2017). Uses and Risk of Amphetamine. MedicalNewsToday. Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/221211

University of Illionis. (2018). Amphetamine, Oral Tablet. Healthline. Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.healthline.com/health/drugs/amphetamine-oral-tablet

Amphetamine – drugs.com. (2021). Retrieved 25 June 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/amphetamine.html

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4561 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4561
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5867 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5867
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4312 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4312
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1860
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2019 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2019
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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