Ketahui Perbedaan Folat dan Asam Folat

Ketahui Perbedaan Folat dan Asam Folat
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Folat dan asam folat sama-sama merupakan bentuk vitamin B9. Nutrisi ini sangat penting bagi tubuh, terutama dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang sehat dalam tahap awal kehamilan.

Perlu dipahami, walaupun folat dan asam folat sama-sama vitamin B9, mereka memiliki bentuk yang berbeda. Apa saja perbedaannya?

 

Perbedaan Folat dan Asam Folat

Folat dan asam folat memiliki perbedaan yang mendasar. Folat merujuk pada bentuk alami kelompok vitamin B9 yang bisa ditemukan dalam makanan maupun suplemen. Sedangkan asam folat adalah bentuk sintesis spesifik vitamin B9 yang sering digunakan dalam suplemen dan fortifikasi makanan. Asam folat lebih sering ditemukan di dalam suplemen kehamilan dan produk makanan kemasan.

Selain perbedaan mendasar dari folat dan asam folat tersebut, ada beberapa perbedaan lain yang perlu Anda ketahui, di antaranya:

Proses metabolisme

Folat dan asam folat mengalami proses metabolisme di tempat yang berbeda. Folat yang berasal dari makanan akan dicerna dan dipecah di usus kecil. Selanjutnya, folat yang sudah dipecah akan diserap ke dalam aliran darah dan dibawa ke jaringan-jaringan di tubuh.

Sedangkan asam folat masuk ke dalam tubuh dalam bentuk suplemen. Setelah masuk ke dalam tubuh, asam folat akan diproses di hati dan jaringan tubuh lain serta diubah menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang lebih aktif.

 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Asam Folat dan Dosis Selama Kehamilan

 

Kecepatan diserap oleh tubuh

Folat yang berasal dari makanan tentu akan langsung diserap dan digunakan tubuh lebih cepat dibandingkan asam folat yang merupakan bentuk sintesis. Untuk dapat diserap oleh tubuh, asal folat membutuhkan waktu dan metabolisme tambahan sebelum kemudian digunakan oleh tubuh.

Stabilitas

Asam folat yang berasal dari makanan yang difortifikasi maupun suplemen biasanya lebih stabil dibandingkan folat alami dari makanan. Asam folat dalam suplemen telah dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan stabilitasnya sehingga tidak terdegradasi dalam prosesnya.

Kegunaan

Asam folat dalam bentuk suplemen lebih sering digunakan untuk beberapa hal penting, di antaranya:

  • Mencegah atau mengobati kekurangan vitamin B9 yang dapat menyebabkan anemia megaloblastik atau masalah kesehatan lainnya
  • Membantu mencegah cacat tabung saraf pada janin
  • Membantu mengurangi toksisitas obat-obatan yang digunakan dalam pengobatan kanker

Folat yang berasal dari makanan digunakan oleh tubuh untuk beberapa hal, di antaranya:

  • Membuat dan memperbaiki DNA tubuh
  • Membantu pertumbuhan sel, pembelahan sel dan memastikan sel bekerja dengan baik
  • Memproduksi protein tertentu
  • Membantu kematangan sel darah merah

 

Baca Juga: Sedang Hamil, Kenapa Harus Minum Asam Folat?

 

Efek samping

Sebagian orang tidak akan mengalami efek samping serius ketika terlalu banyak makan folat dari sumber-sumber alami makanan. Namun, mengonsumsi asam folat berlebihan dapat menyebabkan efek samping tertentu, di antaranya:

  • Kembung
  • Ketidaknyamanan di perut
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Mual atau muntah

Selain itu, penggunaan asam folat dalam dosis tinggi bisa memiliki efek samping yang lebih serius seperti masalah neurologis atau gangguan pencernaan. Anda perlu berkonsultasi dengan dokter sebelum mengonsumsinya.

Folat alami dari makanan bisa ditemukan di dalam sayur berdaun hijau tua, kacang-kacangan, kacang polong, dan buah-buahan. Sedangkan asam folat bisa ditemukan dalam produk-produk tepung sereal sarapan pagi dan vitamin prenatal.

Konsultasikan dengan dokter terkait kebutuhan folat atau asam folat harian tubuh Anda. Apabila memang Anda membutuhkan tambahan suplemen, pastikan untuk berbicara dengan dokter dan mendapatkan resep yang direkomendasikan.

Ingin tahu lebih banyak mengenai kebutuhan suplemen asam folat? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 7 Desember 2023 | 04:47

Stephanie Watson (2023). Folic Acid: Everything You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/folic-acid 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). 7 Ways Folate and Folic Acid Are Different. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/folate-vs-folic-acid 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Folate (folic acid). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-folate/art-20364625 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Neural Tube Defects (NTD). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22656-neural-tube-defects-ntd 

Harvard TH Chan (2023). Folate (Folic Acid) – Vitamin B9. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/folic-acid/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5364 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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