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  • Ketahui Bahaya Residu Pestisida yang Terkandung di Dalam Makanan

Ketahui Bahaya Residu Pestisida yang Terkandung di Dalam Makanan

Ketahui Bahaya Residu Pestisida yang Terkandung di Dalam Makanan
Credits: Freepik

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Ada lebih dari 1.000 jenis pestisida yang digunakan untuk membasmi hama pada bahan-bahan makanan. Penggunaan pestisida pada bahan makanan mampu membantu membasi ilalang, hewan pengerat, jamur, serangga, dan kuman. Pestisida sendiri dibagi menjadi dua jenis, pestisida sintetis dan juga organik.

 

Pestisida Sintetis

Pestisida sintetis adalah jenis pestisida buatan yang dibuat di laboratorium industri. Jenis pestisida ini memiliki sifat yang stabil, dengan waktu penyimpanan yang cukup panjang dan pestisida mudah didistribusikan. Pestisida ini juga efektif membunuh hama yang ditargetkan, serta memiliki kandungan racun yang lebih sedikit pada lingkungan dan hewan-hewan yang tidak ditargetkan untuk dibasmi.

Ada beberapa jenis pestisida sintetis berdasarkan kegunaannya, seperti organofosfat, karbamat, piretroid, organoklorin, neonikotinoid, dan glifosat.

 

Pestisida Organik/Biopestisida

Pertanian organik biasanya menggunakan pestisida alami yang berevolusi dari tanaman, digunakan untuk mengatasi hama pada tanaman yang ditanam. Ada banyak jenis pestisida organik, salah satunya adalah rotenon, tembaga sulfat, minyak hortikultura, dan BT toxin.

Penggunaan pestisida memang bermanfaat menjaga kualitas makanan dari ancaman hama, sayangnya residunya bisa tetap tertinggal di permukaan kulit buah maupun sayuran. Perlu diingat bahwa "alami" bukan berarti tidak beracun. Pestisida organik bisa berbahaya bagi lingkungan, karena residunya bisa bertahan bertahun-tahun di tanah dan di air, yang berpotensi menjadi racun bagi lingkungan dan juga manusia.

 

Bahaya dan Gejala Paparan Residu Pestisida

Kadar pestisida yang tinggi berisiko meningkatkan penumpukan logam berat di dalam tubuh, seperti timbal, seng, dan tembaga. Baik pestisida sintetik maupun organik sama-sama memiliki risiko bagi kesehatan bila Anda terpapar dalam kadar yang tinggi. Adapun bahaya dan risiko terpapar residu pestisida yang tinggi di antaranya efek kesehatan dalam jangka panjang seperti kanker atau gangguan kesuburan. Paparan pestisida yang terlalu tinggi kadarnya dapat menyebabkan keracunan yang gejalanya bisa muncul dalam beberapa jam.

Gejala ringan keracunan pestisida:

  • Sakit kepala
  • Pusing
  • Mual
  • Diare
  • Insomnia
  • Iritasi pada mata, tenggorokan, hidung dan kulit

Gejala sedang keracunan pestisida:

  • Penglihatan buram
  • Kebingungan
  • Muntah
  • Denyut nadi cepat

Gejala parah keracunan pestisida:

  • Tidak sadarkan diri
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Penumpukan lendir di saluran napas

 

Cara Menurunkan Risiko Paparan Residu Pestisida

Berhenti mengonsumsi produk makanan berpestisida mungkin bisa dilakukan bila Anda menanam bahan makanan secara organik sendiri, namun bagi sebagian orang hal tersebut cukup sulit dilakukan mengingat untuk menanam bahan makanan sendiri membutuhkan lahan yang cukup luas. Untuk menurunkan risiko paparan residu pestisida, inilah yang sebaiknya dilakukan:

  • Mencuci bahan makanan sebelum dimasak atau dimakan
  • Mengupas kulit buah sebelum makan
  • Memasak sayur sampai matang

Selain cara di atas, Anda juga bisa mempertimbangkan membeli produk organik yang tidak menggunakan pestisida dalam proses penanamannya. Namun tentu saja Anda harus mengeluarkan uang lebih banyak, karena biasanya bahan makanan organik harganya lebih mahal.

Jangan menunda mencari pertolongan medis apabila setelah mengonsumsi produk makanan tertentu Anda mengalami gejala-gejala keracunan pestisida di atas, khususnya gejala sedang dan berat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 02:15

EPA (2022). Setting Tolerances for Pesticide Residues in Foods. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-tolerances/setting-tolerances-pesticide-residues-foods

WHO (2018). Pesticide residues in food. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pesticide-residues-in-food

Thorpe, M., Link, R. (2021). Are Pesticides in Foods Harming Your Health?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/pesticides-and-health

Sissons, C. (2020). Are pesticides in food harmful?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327414

US FDA (2022). Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program Questions and Answers. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/food/pesticides/pesticide-residue-monitoring-program-questions-and-answers

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 4378
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4297 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4297
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8647
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 541 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 541
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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