Mengenal Tongue Tie, Penyebab Bayi Kesulitan Minum Air Susu Ibu (ASI)

Mengenal Tongue Tie, Penyebab Bayi Kesulitan Minum Air Susu Ibu (ASI)
Credits: Freepik

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Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan bayi mengalami kesulitan saat minum ASI. Salah satunya adalah karena bayi mengalami tongue tie. Tongue tie atau dalam istilah medis disebut ankyloglossia adalah kondisi yang dialami sejak lahir yang membatasi rentang gerak lidah.

Tongue tie secara teknis digambarkan oleh adanya lapisan tebal, pendek, yang mengikat antara lidah dan bawah mulut (lapisan frenulum lingual). Tongue tie pada dasarnya bukan penyakit berbahaya, namun keberadaannya dapat mempengaruhi proses minum ASI, makan, menelan dan berbicara. Pada akhirnya, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi bisa terganggu bila bayi terus menerus kesulitan mendapatkan asupan dari ASI.

 

Tanda-Tanda Bayi Mengalami Tongue Tie

Ada beberapa gejala dan tanda yang menunjukkan bayi mengalami tongue tie. Gejala tersebut berkisar dari gejala yang ringan hingga parah. Pada kondisi ringan, hanya dibutuhkan ketelatenan untuk membantu bayi mendapatkan perlekatan yang tepat. Sedangkan dalam kondisi berat, dokter mungkin perlu memberikan insisi (sayatan kecil) pada bayi.

Gejala bayi dengan tongue tie di antaranya sebagai berikut:

  • Bayi mengalami kesulitan mengangkat lidah hingga ke gigi bagian atas atau saat menggerakkan lidah dari satu sisi ke sisi lainnya
  • Bayi mengalami kesulitan menjulurkan lidah melewati gigi depan bawah
  • Lidah tampak berlekuk atau berbentuk hati saat dijulurkan
  • Bayi mengalami kesulitan perlekatan pada payudara dan tidak bisa minum ASI lama
  • Berat badan tidak bertambah sesuai usia
  • Setiap menyusu ada suara yang keluar yang menandakan perlekatan kurang benar

 

Komplikasi pada Ibu dan Bayi

Pada ibu menyusui, tongue tie dapat menyebabkan beberapa risiko, di antaranya:

  • Luka lecet pada puting (cracked nipple
  • Menurunnya suplai ASI
  • Mastitis yang dapat berulang

Pada bayi atau anak, tongue tie memunculkan beberapa resiko di antaranya:

  • Kesulitan mengucapkan huruf t,d,z,s,th,r,l
  • Resiko kerusakan gigi akibat kesulitan membersihkan sisa-sisa makanan di gigi yang memicu kerusakan gigi dan gusi (gingivitis)
  • Terbentuknya ruang di antara dua gigi depan bagian bawah
  • Tongue-tie juga menganggu aktivitas lain seperti menjilat es krim, menjilat bibir, memainkan alat musik

 

Cara Mengatasi Tongue Tie

Sebenarnya hingga saat ini tongue tie masih menjadi kontroversi, karena sebagian dokter dan konsultan laktasi menyarankan adanya perbaikan agar membantu proses menyusu dengan lebih baik sehingga bayi terhindar dari kekurangan gizi dan problem kesehatan lain. Sedangkan sebagian dokter lain berpendapat bahwa lebih baik memantau perkembangan dan menunggu apakah tongue-tie membutuhkan tindakan darurat.

Secara alami, frenulum lingual akan melebar seiring waktu, namun pada kasus lain memang tongue-tie menyebabkan kesulitan tersendiri terutama dalam hal menyusu dan berbicara.

Problem tongue tie biasanya dapat diatasi dengan operasi kecil. Ada dua jenis tindakan operasi yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi problem tongue tie:

  • Frenotomy

Operasi sederhana tanpa anestesi untuk menginsisi (menyayat) frenulum menggunakan gunting steril. Prosedur dilakukan sangat cepat dan minimal resiko sakit karena pada frenulum lingual hanya ada sedikit pembuluh darah atau syaraf. Pendarahan mungkin terjadi pada prosedur ini, namun tidak akan parah dan lama, sehingga bayi bisa langsung menyusu kembali.

  • Frenuloplasty

Adalah tindakan operasi yang lebih kompleks untuk memperbaiki frenulum lingual yang terlalu tebal. Tindakan ini dilakukan dengan anestesi dan peralatan operasi lainnya. Setelah tindakan operasi selesai disarankan untuk melakukan gerakan lidah untuk mengurangi potensi munculnya jaringan parut.

Karena tidak semua tongue tie membutuhkan insisi, sebaiknya bicarakan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter apabila Anda sedang mengalami masalah ini. Anda mungkin hanya perlu belajar lebih baik lagi tentang perlekatan dan lebih fokus membantu bayi mendapatkan posisi yang tepat saat menyusu. Namun problem tongue-tie cukup menimbulkan masalah yang besar sampai berat badan bayi tidak bertambah, maka sebaiknya dapatkan prosedur insisi sesegera mungkin.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:09

Mayo Clinic (2018). Tongue-tie (ankyloglossia). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tongue-tie/symptoms-causes/syc-20378452

Sara Lindberg (2020). Tongue-Tie: What It Is and How It’s Treated. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/baby/tongue-tie

Cleveland Clinic (2018). Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17931-tongue-tie-ankyloglossia

William Moore (2020). Tongue-Tie. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/tongue-tie-babies

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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\TermPolicy
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      App\User
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      App\Models\Admin\Page
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          #12025-04-14 21:56:40GET/ibu-dan-anak/tongue-tie-penyebab-bayi-kesulitan-menyusu102531