Ketahui Persyaratan Melahirkan Normal Setelah Caesar (VBAC)

Ketahui Persyaratan Melahirkan Normal Setelah Caesar (VBAC)
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Dipercaya bahwa dahulu mulai tahun 1500-an, proses melahirkan secara caesar digunakan untuk menyelamatkan bayi yang ibunya meninggal atau hampir mati dalam proses persalinan. Pada perkembangannya, operasi caesar ini kemudian juga dapat membantu menurunkan tingkat kematian ibu saat persalinan. Adanya anestesi membuat proses persalinan tidak terlalu menyakitkan, dan penggunaan obat antibiotik dapat mengurangi risiko infeksi yang berbahaya bagi jiwa ibu.

Proses persalinan per vaginam atau populer disebut persalinan normal adalah proses yang disukai dan banyak dipilih para ibu. Persalinan per vaginam memiliki risiko yang rendah akan komplikasi yang dapat terjadi saat operasi caesar, membutuhkan waktu lebih singkat untuk pulih dan juga biaya yang relatif jauh lebih murah.

 

Bolehkah Melahirkan Normal Setelah Sebelumnya Melahirkan Secara Caesar?

Boleh. Anda boleh melahirkan per vaginam walaupun di persalinan sebelumnya Anda menjalani persalinan caesar. Untuk dapat melahirkan normal (VBAC) setelah melahirkan caesar, Anda harus mendapatkan ijin dari dokter serta memenuhi persyaratan yang ada. Namun, perlu diingat bahwa tidak semua ibu dapat menjalani VBAC. Beberapa faktor seperti luka pada rahim yang berisiko tinggi, atau rumah sakit yang kurang memadai, bisa menurunkan kemungkinan Anda dapat melakukan persalinan normal.

Sebelum membahas tentang persyaratan apa saja yang harus dipenuhi, ketahui terlebih dahulu tentang VBAC, yuk.

 

Apa itu VBAC?

VBAC atau Vaginal Birth After Cesarean adalah melakukan persalinan per vaginam (normal) setelah sebelumnya melahirkan secara caesar. Banyak wanita yang sukses menjalani VBAC di kehamilan kedua atau ketiga, dengan angka kesuksesan persalinan normal setelah menjalani operasi caesar sekitar 60 sampai 80%.

Pun demikian, VBAC tidak dapat dilakukan oleh semua ibu hamil yang menjalani operasi caesar. Risiko ruptur atau robekan spontan pada rahim saat persalinan normal bisa meningkat, bila sebelumnya menjalani operasi caesar dengan sayatan vertikal pada rahim. Pada prosedur caesar dengan sayatan horizontal (transversal), walaupun risikonya sekitar 0,9% atau sedikitnya kurang dari 1 dalam 100 persalinan, akan lebih bijaksana bila Anda membicarakannya terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.

Selain itu, bila sebelumnya ibu pernah mengalami ruptur pada rahim, atau pernah menjalani prosedur operasi pada rahim, seperti pengangkatan jaringan tumor, tidak disarankan untuk melakukan persalinan normal setelah melahirkan caesar. Dokter akan memeriksa dan memantau kondisi selama kehamilan untuk dapat menentukan apakah Anda dapat menjalani persalinan per vaginam atau harus kembali menjalani bedah cesar.

 

Manfaat VBAC

Bila dibandingkan dengan prosedur caesar, melahirkan normal setelah caesar memiliki beberapa manfaat, di antaranya:

  • Memberikan dampak positif bagi kehamilan selanjutnya, terutama apabila Anda masih berencana memiliki anak setelah kehamilan kedua ini. VBAC akan membantu Anda terhindar dari risiko yang dapat muncul karena persalinan caesar berulang, seperti:
    • Plasenta letak rendah
    • Plasenta yang menempel terlalu dalam dengan dinding rahim
  • Menurunkan risiko komplikasi yang dapat terjadi saat pembedahan
  • Menurunkan risiko histerektomi (pengangkatan rahim) dan cedera pada perut, seperti gangguan kandung kemih atau gangguan buang air besar
  • Menurunkan risiko kehilangan darah dan infeksi
  • Membantu membersihkan paru-paru bayi saat bayi melewati jalan lahir dan mempersiapkan bayi untuk menghirup oksigen setelah lahir
  • Memakan waktu yang lebih singkat untuk pulih

 

Persyaratan VBAC

Untuk bisa melahirkan VBAC terlebih dahulu Anda harus membicarakan dengan dokter dan memenuhi persyaratan berikut ini:

  • Tidak pernah menjalani persalinan cesar lebih dari dua kali dengan sayatan vertikal atau melintang, baik sayatan di bagian bawah rahim maupun di bagian atas rahim
  • Tidak memiliki bekas luka atau kelainan rahim lainnya
  • Tidak memiliki riwayat ruptur uteri sebelumnya
  • Pada ibu yang hamil dengan anak kembar, hanya memiliki riwayat satu kali caesar dengan sayatan horizontal di bagian bawah rahim sebelumnya

 

Anda Tidak Direkomendasikan Menjalani VBAC Apabila:

  • Pada prosedur caesar sebelumnya, memiliki sayatan vertikal atau melintang pada bagian atas tinggi 
  • Jenis sayatan rahim sebelumnya tidak diketahui dan digunakan sayatan vertikal tinggi (klasik)
  • Adanya riwayat ruptur pada rahim sebelumnya
  • Pernah menjalani operasi rahim seperti misalnya pengangkatan fibroid
  • Memiliki usia kehamilan lebih dari 40 minggu
  • Memiliki indeks massa tubuh di atas 40
  • Adanya peningkatan berat badan yang besar selama kehamilan
  • Jarak dari persalinan sebelumnya kurang dari atau sekitar 18 bulan

Walaupun angka kesuksesan persalinan VBAC cukup tinggi, namun risiko percobaan persalinan yang gagal bisa saja terjadi. Apabila dalam percobaan persalinan Anda mengalami ruptur uteri, maka diperlukan operasi caesar darurat untuk mencegah komplikasi yang mengancam jiwa. Perawatan mungkin melibatkan operasi pengangkatan rahim (histerektomi) dan Anda berisiko tidak bisa hamil lagi. Untuk itu, pertimbangkan dan bicarakan dengan dokter sebelum memutuskan untuk menjalani VBAC.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 07:46

Mayo Clinic (2020). Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/vbac/about/pac-20395249

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21687-vaginal-birth-after-cesarean-vbac

Medline Plus (2015). Cesarean Section. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/cesareansection.html

Cherney, K. (2016). History of the Cesarean Section. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/history-cesarean-section

Healthline Editorial Team (2018). What to Expect During a Vaginal Delivery. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/intrapartum-care-vaginal-delivery

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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