Mengapa Bayi dan Anak Perlu Diberi Suplementasi Vitamin A?

Mengapa Bayi dan Anak Perlu Diberi Suplementasi Vitamin A?
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Kekurangan vitamin A adalah penyebab utama kebutaan pada masa kanak-kanak dan meningkatkan risiko kematian akibat penyakit umum yang dialami anak-anak, seperti misalnya diare. Memberikan suplemen vitamin A dosis tinggi secara berkala pada anak-anak, telah terbukti mengurangi semua penyebab kematian sebesar 12-24%. WHO merekomendasikan program penting ini untuk menurunkan kematian anak-anak di seluruh dunia.

 

Manfaat Vitamin A

Mungkin yang selama ini Anda tahu, vitamin A hanya bermanfaat bagi kesehatan mata. Namun, vitamin A memiliki peranan penting lain di dalam kesehatan, di antaranya:

  • Melindungi Tubuh dari Radikal Bebas

Vitamin A memiliki sifat antioksidan yang dapat melindungi tubuh dari radikal bebas yang dapat menciptakan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif selama ini telah dikaitkan dengan kondisi kronis seperti diabetes, kanker, penyakit jantung dan penurunan kognitif.

  • Mencegah Degenerasi Makula dan Menjaga Kesehatan Mata

Seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, vitamin A sangat penting untuk penglihatan dan kesehatan mata. Asupan vitamin A yang cukup dapat membantu melindungi dari penyakit mata tertentu seperti degenerasi makula.

  • Melindungi Tubuh dari Kanker Tertentu

Karena sifat antioksidannya, vitamin A dapat melindungi tubuh dari jenis kanker tertentu. Penelitian menunjukkan, seperti dilansir Healthline, bahwa retinoid dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker tertentu seperti sel kanker kandung kemih, payudara dan ovarium.

  • Meningkatkan Imunitas

Vitamin A berdampak pada sistem imun dengan merangsang respon yang melindungi tubuh dari penyakit dan infeksi. Selain itu, vitamin A juga terlibat dalam pembuatan sel-sel tertentu termasuk sel B dan sel T yang berperan dalam respon imun tubuh dalam menjaga tubuh terhadap penyakit.

 

Kekurangan Vitamin A pada Bayi dan Anak

Kekurangan vitamin A masih terjadi di beberapa negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Di mana angka stunting masih tergolong cukup tinggi. Kekurangan vitamin A dapat memicu berbagai komplikasi kesehatan, di antaranya:

  • Xeroftalmia, atau mata kering
  • Peningkatan infeksi umum pada anak, seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan, diare, campak
  • Pertumbuhan anak yang terhambat (stunting)
  • Lambatnya perkembangan tulang pada anak
  • Menurunnya kemungkinan bertahan hidup dari penyakit serius

 

Suplementasi Vitamin A di Indonesia

Menurut Kemenkes RI, pada bulan Februari dan Agustus, posyandu memberikan vitamin A secara gratis. Suplementasi vitamin A ini dibagi menjadi dua kategori usia:

  • Untuk bayi usia kurang dari 1 tahun, vitamin A kapsul biru dengan dosis 100.000 IU
  • Untuk usia 1-5 tahun, vitamin A kapsul merah dengan dosis 200.000 IU

Selain di posyandu, kapsul vitamin A juga bisa didapatkan di fasilitas kesehatan lain seperti rumah sakit, puskesmas, Pustu (puskesmas pembantu), Poskesdes/Polindes, balai pengobatan, praktek dokter, bidan praktek swasta yang diberikan secara GRATIS.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:09

Kemenkes RI (2020). Manfaat Pemberian Vitamin A untuk Anak. Available from: https://promkes.kemkes.go.id/manfaat-pemberian-vitamin-a-untuk-anak

WHO. Children 6-59 months receiving vitamin A supplements. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/children-6-59-months-receiving-vitamin-a-supplements

UNICEF (2021). Vitamin A deficiency. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/vitamin-a-deficiency/

Jillian Kubala, MS, RD (2022). Vitamin A: Benefits, Deficiency, Toxicity, and More. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-a

Megan Ware, RDN, LD (2021). Everything you need to know about vitamin A. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219486

Lizzie Streit, MS, RDN, LD (2018). 8 Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin A Deficiency. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/vitamin-a-deficiency-symptoms

 

WHO (2009). Vitamin A deficiency. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/nlis/info/vitamin-a-deficiency

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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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