Haruskah Khawatir Bila Bayi Sering Mengalami Gumoh?

Haruskah Khawatir Bila Bayi Sering Mengalami Gumoh?

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Gumoh atau disebut juga dengan refluks bayi dapat terjadi ketika makanan bergerak kembali dari perut bayi. Refluks normal terjadi beberapa kali dalam sehari pada bayi sehat, dan tidak perlu dikhawatirkan.

Adakalanya gumoh atau refluks bayi disebut juga dengan gastroesophageal reflux (GER), kondisi ini jarang menyebabkan kondisi yang serius. Bayi bisa mengalami gumoh berkali-kali sehari dalam 3 bulan pertama kehidupannya. Gumoh biasanya berakhir di antara usia 12-14 bulan.

 

Penyebab Gumoh yang Normal

Gumoh biasanya disebabkan karena otot bagian atas perut bayi belum cukup kuat untuk menahan makanan. Pada bayi, ada cincin otot yang terletak antara kerongkongan dan lambung sfingter esofagus bagian bawah (LES) yang belum sepenuhnya matang. Normalnya LES akan terbuka hanya ketika bayi menelan dan akan tetap tertutup rapat di lain waktu untuk menjaga isi perut tetap di tempatnya. Ketika LES terbuka, hal itu memungkinkan isi perut kembali mengalir kembali.

Ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan gumoh pada bayi, di antaranya:

  • Terlalu lama berbaring
  • Mengonsumsi makanan yang sepenuhnya cair
  • Lahir prematur

 

Kapan Gumoh Perlu Diwaspadai?

Gumoh adalah hal yang sangat wajar dialami oleh bayi, namun bila gumoh sering terjadi dan berhubungan dengan ketidaknyamanan bayi atau kesulitan makan serta penurunan berat badan, maka kondisi ini dapat disebut sebagai GERD (penyakit refluks gastroesofageal).

Baik GER maupun GERD dapat menyebabkan pergerakan isi lambung kembali ke atas, termasuk asam yang kadang-kadang keluar hingga ke mulut ataupun kembali ke dalam kerongkongan. Banyak bayi dengan GERD dinyatakan sehat, namun beberapa bayi dapat memiliki masalah yang mempengaruhi syaraf, otak dan otot.

 

Kapan Harus ke Dokter?

Pada kebanyakan bayi, gumoh tidak menyebabkan rasa sakit atau masalah dengan penambahan berat badan. Apabila tidak disertai gejala atau kondisi lain, gumoh pada bayi tidak perlu dikhawatirkan.

Namun, adakalanya isi lambung yang memiliki cukup asam menyebabkan iritasi tenggorokan dan kerongkongan sehingga muncul gejala yang menyertai. Ketika gejala berikut muncul, maka sebaiknya Anda membawa bayi ke dokter untuk mendapatkan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut:

  • Bayi tidak mengalami penambahan berat badan
  • Bayi terus menerus gumoh dan menyebabkan muntah proyektil (semua isi perut keluar kembali melalui mulut)
  • Muntah disertai cairan berwarna kuning atau kehijauan
  • Muntah disertai darah atau material yang mirip seperti bubuk kopi
  • Menolak menyusu atau makan
  • Ada darah saat buang air besar
  • Batuk kronis dan kesulitan bernapas
  • Seringkali gumoh di atas usia 6 bulan atau lebih
  • Rewel setelah makan

 

Diagnosis dan Pengobatan

Pada beberapa kasus gumoh yang kronis, sebelum menyatakan diagnosis GERD dokter akan melakukan beberapa tes di antaranya:

Pemeriksaan saluran pencernaan bagian atas (GI)

Dokter akan memberikan bayi cairan kontras yang disebut barium. Cairan ini biasanya dicampurkan ke dalam botol atau makanan lain. Sinar-X akan membantu melacak barium saat melewati kerongkongan dan perut, dengan demikian akan diketahui kondisi saluran pencernaan bagian atas bayi.

Pemantauan pH dan impedansi esofagus

Tes ini dilakukan untuk mengukur jumlah asam atau cairan di kerongkongan bayi. Pada bayi akan ditempatkan sebuah tabung fleksibel yang tipis melalui hidung masuk ke dalam perut. Ujung tabung di kerongkongan akan mengukur kapan dan berapa banyak asam yang naik ke kerongkongan. Sedangkan ujung tabung lainnya menempel pada monitor dan mencatat pengukuran. Untuk melakukan tes ini, bayi kemungkinan harus menginap di rumah sakit setidaknya dalam 24 jam.

Endoskopi dan biopsi saluran cerna bagian atas

Dokter akan menjalankan endoskopi ke kerongkongan, perut dan bagian pertama usus kecil bayi. Sambil memeriksa kondisi, dokter mungkin juga mengambil sampel jaringan (biopsi).

Setelah pemeriksaan selesai dilakukan, dokter akan meresepkan pengobatan seperti H2 blockers yang menurunkan produksi asam atau memberikan inhibitor pompa proton (PPI), yang menurunkan jumlah asam yang dibuat lambung. Jika kondisi bayi parah, maka dokter mungkin akan merekomendasikan operasi, terutama bila GERD telah menyebabkan problem pernapasan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 14:06

Mayo Clinic (2020). Infant reflux. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infant-acid-reflux/symptoms-causes/syc-20351408

Better Health. Infant reflux. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/conditions-and-treatments/infant-reflux

WebMD (2020). Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants or Children. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/infants-children

NHS UK (2021). Reflux in babies. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/reflux-in-babies/

Medline Plus (2021). Reflux in Infants. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/refluxininfants.html

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • 0: 5839
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.33msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9494 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.32msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4124 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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