Kaki Kram saat Hamil: Penyebab, Cara Mengatasi dan Pencegahannya

Kaki Kram saat Hamil: Penyebab, Cara Mengatasi dan Pencegahannya
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Salah satu keluhan yang banyak dialami ibu hamil adalah kaki kram. Keluhan ini biasanya dirasakan ketika memasuki kehamilan trimester kedua dan ketiga. Kaki kram umumnya tidak berbahaya, namun dapat membuat bumil merasa tidak nyaman dan mengganggu aktivitas. Apa sebenarnya penyebab kaki kram saat hamil dan bagaimana mengatasinya?

 

Penyebab Kaki Kram pada Ibu Hamil

Dilansir dari What to Expect, belum diketahui penyebab pasti kaki kram pada ibu hamil. Namun para ahli mengungkapkan kram saat hamil dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal seperti kelelahan karena penambahan berat badan, perubahan sirkulasi darah terutama di kaki, perubahan hormon, kurang minum banyak air dan kekurangan asupan magnesiun dan kalsium. Kaki kram juga bisa disebabkan karena ibu hamil kurang gerak. Tetapi tak perlu khawatir, kaki kram biasanya akan mereda setelah persalinan.

 

Cara Mengatasi Kaki Kram pada Ibu Hamil

Ketika kaki mulai terasa kram, ibu hamil dapat mencoba beberapa cara berikut untuk mengurangi kram:

1. Lakukan peregangan kaki

Ketika Anda merasakan kram, coba tahan posisi Anda lalu luruskan kaki secara perlahan. Meski awalnya posisi ini terasa nyeri, namun secara perlahan kram akan mereda dengan sendirinya. Jika memungkinkan, angkat kaki Anda sekitar 15-20 menit untuk melancarkan peredaran darah di bagian kaki. Gunakan bantal sebagai ganjalan kaki, atau sandarkan kaki Anda ke tembok dalam posisi lurus.

2. Memijat kaki yang kram

Jika nyeri kaki kram masih bisa dikendalikan, maka berikan pijatan secara perlahan pada area yang kram. Anda bisa menggunakan minyak esensial atau minyak gosok yang menenangkan untuk membuat tubuh menjadi lebih rileks. 

3. Kompres dengan air hangat

Kompres air hangat ampuh untuk meredakan kaki kram yang muncul tiba-tiba. Anda bisa mengompres menggunakan botol berisi air hangat atau membasahi handuk dengan air hangat. Cara ini akan meredakan ketegangan otot kaki dan kram pun akan berkurang.

4. Berendam dengan garam epsom

Anda dapat meredakan kram dengan mandi air hangat yang sudah dicampur garam epsom. Garam epsom diketahui memiliki khasiat meningkatkan sirkulasi darah dan menjaga elastisitas pembuluh darah. Dengan berendam garam epsom, pembuluh darah dan otot akan menjadi lebih rileks dan mengurangi nyeri kram.

 

Bagaimana Cara Mencegah Kaki Kram saat Hamil?

Meskipun kaki kram saat hamil tidak berbahaya, namun nyeri kram dapat mengganggu aktivitas Anda. Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, ada beberapa cara yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk mencegah nyeri kram antara lain:

  • Perbanyak minum: Kram dapat disebabkan oleh otot yang kekurangan asupan cairan. Untuk mencegahnya, cukupi kebutuhan cairan Anda sebanyak 1,5-2 liter per hari atau sesuai kebutuhan. Jika warna urine Anda berubah kecoklatan, hal ini menandakan Anda mengalami dehidrasi. 
  • Lakukan senam hamil secara rutin: Rutin berolahraga dapat membantu mencegah betis mengalami kram. Selain senam hamil, Anda juga dapat melakukan olahraga lainnya seperti berenang atau berjalan pagi.
  • Perbanyak asupan magnesium dan kalsium: Kekurangan magnesium dan kalsium dapat menyebabkan kram. Untuk mencegahnya, Anda bisa mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung magnesium dan kalsium. Apabila diperlukan, Anda juga bisa mengonsumsi suplemen magnesium dan kalsium, namun sebelum mengonsumsi sebaiknya konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.
  • Gunakan alas kaki yang nyaman: Anda dapat memilih alas kaki yang nyaman untuk menyokong tubuh Anda selama hamil dan mencegah kram saat hamil. Pilih sepatu dengan bagian tumit yang kokoh dan ukuran yang pas agar tidak memberi tekanan tambahan pada betis yang dapat memicu kram.

Tak perlu kahwatir jika bumil mengalami kaki kram saat hamil karena kondisi ini sangat wajar dialami ibu hamil. Kram selama kehamilan dapat diatasi dengan perawatan rumahan, namun jika keluhan terus berlanjut maka sebaiknya bicarakan dengan dokter kandungan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 19:14

Peri, C. (2020). Leg Cramps and Leg Pain. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/baby/leg-cramps#

Mayo Clinic. What causes leg cramps during pregnancy, and can they be prevented?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/leg-cramps-during-pregnancy/faq-20057766

Pregnancy Birth & Baby. Leg Cramps during Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/leg-cramps-during-pregnancy

O’Connor, A. (2021). Suffering from Leg Cramps during Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/leg-cramps.aspx

American Pregnancy Association. Leg Cramps During Pregnancy. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/leg-cramps-during-pregnancy/

American Pregnancy Association. Treating Muscle Cramps During Pregnancy. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-health-wellness/treating-muscle-cramps-during-pregnancy/

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10077
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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